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. 2019 Oct 14;13:1072. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01072

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Copyright © 2019 Yasugaki, Liu, Kashiwagi, Kanuka, Honda, Miyata, Yanagisawa and Hayashi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of WIRS on core body temperature and assessment of sleep/wake during the WIRS. (A) Changes in core body temperature before and after the WIRS session on Day 1 and Day 5 during 5 consecutive days of WIRS. (B) Comparison of core body temperature before and after the WIRS session on Day 5 between usage of two types of water baths (one was the original water bath and the other was a smaller water bath). (C) Total amount of each sleep/wake stage in the 24 h following 6 consecutive days of WIRS with the smaller water bath. (D) Total amount of each sleep/wake stage during the WIRS session. (A,B) Control: N = 4, WIRS: N = 4, WIRS using smaller water bath: N = 6. (C) N = 5. (D) N = 6. (A,B) ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (C) ^∗p < 0.05, paired t-test.