Fig. 7.

Role of macrophages in PA-induced insulin resistance. Healthy tissues contain a very small number of macrophages. However, under the influence of PA, hepatocytes, pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes begin to produce chamokines. This causes recruitment of macrophages to the liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. In turn, macrophages in these tissues begin to accumulate PA that causes inflammatory reactions. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines results in insulin resistance in cells that are near the activated macrophages