TABLE 1.
Recent researches of gene function in pancreatic cancer by CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts of pancreatic cancer cells.
| sgRNA target | Cell lines | Effect | References |
| KDM6A | BxPC3, PANC1 | proliferation↑, migration↑, invasion↑ | Watanabe et al., 2018 |
| ANXA1 | MIA PaCa-2 | migration↓, invasion↓, extracellular vesicles↓ | Pessolano et al., 2018; Belvedere et al., 2016 |
| SphK1 SphK2 | PAN02 | proliferation↑, migration↑, survival of mice↓ proliferation↓, migration↓, survival of mice↑ | Yuza et al., 2018 |
| GALNT3 | Capan1 | proliferation↓, migration↓ | Barkeer et al., 2018 |
| C1galt1 | KPC, KPCC | proliferation↑, migration↑, tumorigenicity↑, metastasis↑ | Chugh et al., 2018 |
| ARID1A | HPDE | H2K27ac marks↑ | Wang et al., 2018 |
| GPRC5a | MIA PaCa-2, TB32047 | proliferation↓, migration↓, chemotherapy resistance↓ | Liu et al., 2018a |
| ECT2 | MIA PaCa-2 | proliferation↓, migration↓ | Liu et al., 2018b |
| ATG12 | MIA PaCa-2, AR42J | expression of duct cell markers↑, expression of acinar cell markers↓ | Yasunaga et al., 2018 |
| KRAS | A13,8988T, PANC1, KP-4, MM1402, PACO9, PACO19 | exhibit PI3K dependence | Muzumdar et al., 2017 |
| HuR | MIA PaCa-2 | apoptosis↑, unable to engraft tumors in vivo | Lal et al., 2017 |
| Hs 776T | unable to engraft tumors in vivo | ||
| HCT116 | proliferation↓ | ||
| Rab11-FIP4 | PANC-1 | proliferation↓, invasion↓, metastasis↓ | He et al., 2017 |
| IRAK4 | PANC-1, Pa01c | anchorage-independent (AI) growth↓ | Zhang et al., 2017 |
| CYR61 | MIA PaCa-2, PANC1 | hENT1 and hCNT3 expression↑, cellular uptake of gemcitabine↑, gemcitabine-induced apoptosis↑ | Hesler et al., 2016 |
| MUC16 | Capan1 | expression of Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF/T) and Thomsen-nouvelle (Tn) carbohydrate antigens↓ | Muniyan et al., 2016 |
| FOXA2 | PANC-1 | tumorigenicity↑, aggressiveness↑ | Vorvis et al., 2016 |
| GCNT3 | MIA PaCa, BxPC-3, PANC-1 | proliferation↓, spheroid formation↓ | Rao et al., 2016 |
| CTTN | PANC-1, BxPC-3 | migration↓, invasion↓ | Stock et al., 2019 |
| CRABP-II | PANC-1 | migration↓, invasion↓, expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), MMP-2 and MMP-14↓ | Yu et al., 2017 |
| HO-1 | Capan-1 | Under hypoxia, proliferation↓, sensitivity to gemcitabine↑ | Abdalla et al., 2019 |
| WNT5B | PANC-1 | migration↓, invasion↓ | Harada et al., 2017 |
| CDH17 | Panc02-H7 | Proliferation, colony formation and motility↓ | Liu et al., 2019 |
| EI24 | MIA PaCa-2 | Proliferation↓ | Hwang et al., 2019 |
| HO1 | CD18/HPAF, COLO 357, Capan-1, Mia PaCa-2 | under hypoxia, proliferation↓, sensitive to gemcitabine↑ | Abdalla et al., 2019 |
| IL2RG | TB32043, bkpc58 | Tumor growth in mice↓, JAK3 expression in orthotopic tumors↓ | Ayars et al., 2017 |
| HIF-1α | BxPC-3 | Metastasis↓ | Li et al., 2019b |
| MEKK3 | Panc-1, AsPC1 | EMT and cell migration↓, tumor growth↓, mice overall survival↑ | Santoro et al., 2018 |
| ERBB2 | HPAFII, CAPAN1, Mia PaCa-2 (all ERBB2-amplified) | ERBB2 signaling, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor xenograft formation↓ | Li et al., 2019c |
↑, up-regulation; and ↓, down-regulation.