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. 2019 Oct 18;10:2436. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02436

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Copyright © 2019 Dusi, Angiari, Pietronigro, Lopez, Angelini, Zenaro, Della Bianca, Tosadori, Paris, Amoruso, Carlucci, Constantin and Rossi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Blocking LFA-1 specifically affects non-perivascular motile Th1 cell dynamics and cell deformability in the SAS at the EAE disease peak. (A) Dynamic properties of Th1 subpopulations are not affected by blocking LFA-1. (B) Mean displacement of non-perivascular motile Th1 cells is reduced by a LFA-1 blockade. The volume (C) and number of vertices (D) of non-perivascular motile Th1 cells differ before (CTRL) and after the inhibition of LFA-1 (^***P < 0.0001). (E) The dynamic properties of the Th17 population: the number of perivascular motile Th17 cells is reduced following the application of an anti-LFA-1 antibody (^*P < 0.05). (F) Mean displacement of non-perivascular motile Th17 cells in the tissue is not affected after antibody treatment. The volume (G) and number of vertices (H) of non-perivascular motile Th17 cells do not change after LFA-1 inhibition. (I) Representative images of non-perivascular motile Th1 cells before and after anti-LFA-1 treatment. Note the presence of highly-polarized cells before antibody application (left panel) and the predominant rounded cell morphology induced by blocking LFA-1 (right panel) (scale bar = 15 μm). (J) Blocking LFA-1 had no effect on non-perivascular motile Th17 cell cytoskeletal organization, compared to controls (scale bar = 15 μm). (B,F) Data represent the mean ± SEM of 100 cells from three independent experiments. (C,D,G,H) Data represent the mean ± SEM of 200 cells from three independent experiments.