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. 2019 Oct 18;10:2379. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02379

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Copyright © 2019 Shyntum, Nkomo, Shingange, Gricia, Bellieny-Rabelo and Moleleki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Carbapenem production by environmental strains of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. The ability of laboratory strains of Pcb isolated from South Africa to produce carbapenem when spotted on a lawn of Dickeya dadantii was determined by the spot-on-lawn assay. (A) The presence of a clear zone around the spotted Pcb was indicative of carbapenem production. Pcb1692 was used as a control given that this strain produces carbapenem. (B) Halo area was measured using ImageJ and data presented as the mean, error bars represent one standard deviation and asterisk represent statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) as determined by the two-tailed Student’s t-test. Experiments were performed in triplicates and repeated three independent times.