FIGURE 3.

Bovine Lactoferrin eradicates antibiotic-resistance strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms. S. pneumoniae strains TIGR4^Tmp (A), GA47281^Tet+Ery+Cm (B), and GA44194^Tet+Ery+Cm (C), were inoculated in a 24-well plate containing THY. The plate was incubated for 4 h at 37°C with a 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Planktonic cells were removed and the remaining biofilms were washed once and bovine Lactoferrin (bLF) was added at the indicated concentration and incubated for 6 h. Treated biofilms were harvested, diluted, and platted on blood agar plates to obtain biofilm viable counts. Experiments were repeated at least three times. Standard deviation of the mean is shown. Asterisks indicate statistical significance calculated using the ANOVA test (p < 0.05). The viability (%) refers to number of live cells present in samples relative to untreated cells.