Table 1.

General range of rate constants that have been determined by methods using affinity chromatography and HPAC^a.

Analysis method	Conditions	Range of binding affinities (Ka)	Range of measured rate constants
Plate height method	Linear elution conditions; zonal elution format	103-106 M−1	kd: 10−2-10 s−1
Peak profiling	Linear elution conditions; zonal elution format	103-106 M−1	kd: 10−1-10 s−1
Peak decay method	Non-linear elution conditions; zonal elution format	103-106 M−1	kd: 10−2-10 s−1
Split-peak method	Non-linear or linear elution conditions; zonal elution format	>106 M−1	kd: 10−1 s−1 ka: 104-106 M−1 s−1
Peak fitting	Non-linear elution conditions; zonal elution or frontal analysis format	103-106 M−1	kd: 10−1-10 s−1ka: 104-107 M−1 s−1
Ultrafast affinity extraction	Solution-phase interactions; zonal elution format	103-109 M−1	kd: 10−2-10 s−1ka: 103-105 M−1 s−1

^aTerms: K_a, association equilibrium constant; k_a, association rate constant; k_d, dissociation rate constant.