Table 3.
Rates per 100 patient days and adjusted odds ratio of Any Adverse Event by hospital type, stratified by patient and hospital factors
| Any Adverse Event | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event rate at community- based general acute care hospitals Rate, 95% CIs (n=4250) |
Event rate at VHA acute care hospitals Rate, 95% CIs (n=7999) |
Unadjusted p- value |
Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CIs┼ |
Adjusted p- value |
Overall p-value for interaction |
|
| Overall | 13.48 [10.78-16.18] |
7.11 [6.15-8.07] |
<.0001 | 2.111 [1.718-2.593] |
<.0001 | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age in years | 0.1444 | |||||
| 18-30 | 10.75 [8.75-12.76] |
4.96 [3.58-6.35] |
<.0001 | 2.898 [2.119-3.964] |
<.0001 | |
| 31-42 | 9.00 [7.29-10.71] |
5.22 [4.07-6.38] |
0.0002 | 1.715 [1.269-2.317] |
0.0004 | |
| 43-53 | 11.17 [8.69-13.66] |
6.07 [4.73-7.41] |
<.0001 | 1.677 [1.093-2.571] |
0.0179 | |
| 54 and older | 22.57 [15.28-29.86] |
8.95 [7.58-10.33] |
<.0001 | 2.162 [1.638-2.854] |
<.0001 | |
| Gender | 0.1566 | |||||
| Male | 12.66 [9.99-15.33] |
6.98 [5.99-7.97] |
<.0001 | 2.248 [1.722-2.934] |
<.0001 | |
| Female | 14.23 [11.14-17.31] |
8.35 [6.11-10.60] |
0.0019 | 1.761 [1.261-2.459] |
0.0009 | |
| Race | 0.9328 | |||||
| White | 14.03 [11.13-16.93] |
7.42 [6.31-8.53] |
<.0001 | 2.142 [1.717-2.672] |
<.0001 | |
| Non-white | 11.55 [8.00-15.09] |
6.47 [5.29-7.65] |
0.0014 | 1.792 [1.271-2.529] |
0.0009 | |
| Length of stay in days | 0.5766 | |||||
| 1-3 | 3.67 [2.19-5.15] |
2.11 [1.33-2.89] |
0.0438 | 1.637 [0.882-3.038] |
0.1181 | |
| 4-6 | 7.55 [5.29-9.80] |
3.59 [2.77-4.41] |
<.0001 | 1.878 [1.286-2.741] |
0.0011 | |
| 7-9 | 16.59 [13.24-19.93] |
7.91 [6.25-9.57] |
<.0001 | 1.901 [1.341-2.695] |
0.0003 | |
| 10 or more | 30.01 [23.12-36.90] |
14.79 [12.24-17.34] |
<.0001 | 2.362 [1.746-3.196] |
<.0001 | |
| Admission day | 0.4088 | |||||
| Weekday | 13.57 [10.62-16.53] |
7.24 [6.26-8.23] |
<.0001 | 2.140 [1.770-2.586] |
<.0001 | |
| Weekend | 11.45 [8.12-14.78] |
6.46 [4.86-8.06] |
0.0029 | 2.051 [1.336-3.149] |
0.0010 | |
| Principal psychiatric diagnosis | 0.1168 | |||||
| Mood disorder | 12.84 [10.64-15.05] |
6.76 [5.77-7.75] |
<.0001 | 2.235 [1.828-2.734] |
<.0001 | |
| Psychosis | 15.19 [10.68-19.72] |
9.54 [7.76-11.31] |
0.0090 | 1.880 [1.352-2.616] |
0.0002 | |
| Other | 13.71 [7.89-19.53] |
5.38 [4.30-6.47] |
0.0001 | 2.314 [1.112-4.814] |
0.0248 | |
| Suicidality | 0.7596 | |||||
| Yes | 9.62 [8.10-11.14] |
6.56 [5.21-7.92] |
0.0030 | 2.120 [1.473-3.052] |
<.0001 | |
| No | 14.17 [11.07-17.27] |
7.43 [6.43-8.43] |
<.0001 | 2.089 [1.678-2.601] |
<.0001 | |
| Substance use disorders | 0.6487 | |||||
| Continuous | 10.05 [8.48-11.62] |
5.97 [4.44-7.50] |
0.0005 | 2.107 [1.529-2.905] |
<.0001 | |
| Unspecified or episodic | 10.14 [7.89-12.39] |
6.20 [5.15-7.26] |
0.0005 | 2.049 [1.556-2.699] |
<.0001 | |
| No or in remission | 15.41 [11.55-19.26] |
8.38 [7.03-9.72] |
<.0001 | 2.041 [1.561-2.669] |
<.0001 | |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Urbanity | 0.3149 | |||||
| Urban | 13.56 [10.29-16.83] |
7.05 [6.02-8.09] |
<.0001 | 2.004 [1.590-2.525] |
<.0001 | |
| Rural | 13.13 [10.23- 16.04] |
7.45 [4.32-10.59] |
0.0054 | 2.152 [1.174-3.943] |
0.0131 | |
| Teaching status | 0.0718 | |||||
| Teaching | 11.40 [9.52-13.29] |
7.30 [6.18-8.42] |
<.0001 | 1.853 [1.524-2.253] |
<.0001 | |
| Non-teaching | 15.81 [11.06- 20.55] |
6.47 [4.41-8.53] |
<.0001 | 3.134 [1.693-5.801] |
0.0003 | |
| Psychiatric beds | 0.1252 | |||||
| 11-28 | 13.98 [11.63-16.34] |
7.17 [5.14-9.20] |
<.0001 | 2.247 [1.548-3.262] |
<.0001 | |
| 30-44 | 14.59 [8.26-20.92] |
7.33 [5.67-8.98] |
0.0039 | 2.215 [1.515-3.238] |
<.0001 | |
| 46-152 | 10.01 [7.23-12.80] |
6.88 [5.21- 8.56] |
0.0328 | 1.578 [1.037-2.402] |
0.0332 | |
┼
Controlling for all characteristics in Table 1.