Table 4.
Rates per 100 patient days and adjusted odds ratio of Any Medical Error by hospital type, stratified by patient and hospital factors
| Any Medical Error | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event rate at community- based general acute care hospitals (n=4250) |
Event rate at VHA acute care hospitals (n=7999) |
Unadjusted p- value |
Adjusted Odds Ratio, 95% CIs┼ |
Adjusted p-value |
Overall p-value for interaction |
|
| Overall | 3.01 [2.24-3.78] |
1.49 [1.09-1.88] |
0.0001 | 2.077 [1.429-3.021] |
0.0001 | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age in years | 0.3910 | |||||
| 18-30 | 2.95 [2.09-3.81] |
1.65 [0.75-2.56] |
0.0611 | 2.090 [1.028-4.247] |
0.0417 | |
| 31-42 | 2.32 [1.55-3.10] |
1.06 [0.46-1.66] |
0.0161 | 2.538 [1.204-5.347] |
0.0143 | |
| 43-53 | 3.03 [1.76-4.31] |
1.04 [0.59-1.50] |
0.0004 | 2.161 [1.065-4.384] |
0.0328 | |
| 54 and older | 3.68 [2.52-4.85] |
1.82 [1.33-2.32] |
0.0007 | 1.952 [1.177-3.236] |
0.0095 | |
| Gender | 0.0687 | |||||
| Male | 3.08 [2.18-3.98] |
1.58 [1.16-1.99] |
0.0007 | 1.967 [1.328-2.913] |
0.0007 | |
| Female | 2.95 [2.14-3.76] |
0.64 [0.11-1.18] |
0.0004 | 4.557 [1.899-10.931] |
0.0007 | |
| Race | 0.8602 | |||||
| White | 3.29 [2.49-4.08] |
1.79 [1.25-2.32] |
0.0014 | 2.169 [1.461-3.221] |
0.0001 | |
| Non-white | 2.03 [0.71-3.34] |
0.94 [0.53-1.36] |
0.0507 | 1.997 [0.878-4.543] |
0.6682 | |
| Length of stay in days | 0.4535 | |||||
| 1-3 | 1.89 [1.15-2.64] |
0.54 [0.10-0.99] |
0.0054 | 5.366 [1.750-16.456] |
0.0033 | |
| 4-6 | 2.44 [1.76-3.11] |
1.07 [0.70-1.44] |
0.0002 | 1.981 [1.176-3.339] |
0.0102 | |
| 7-9 | 2.68 [1.96-3.40] |
1.65 [1.02-2.28] |
0.0368 | 1.261 [0.782-2.033] |
0.3424 | |
| 10 or more | 5.30 [3.25-7.35] |
2.59 [1.71-3.47] |
0.0054 | 2.178 [1.300-3.651] |
0.0031 | |
| Admission day | 0.0349 | |||||
| Weekday | 2.72 [1.88-3.55] |
1.63 [1.20-2.07] |
0.0119 | 1.824 [1.202-2.768] |
0.0047 | |
| Weekend | 3.56 [2.33-4.79] |
0.75 [0.07-1.43] |
0.0012 | 4.705 [2.012-11.003] |
0.0004 | |
| Principal psychiatric diagnosis | 0.0595 | |||||
| Mood disorder | 2.61 [1.90-3.32] |
1.55 [1.10-2.00] |
0.0090 | 1.629 [1.122-2.366] |
0.0103 | |
| Psychosis | 4.17 [2.01-6.32] |
1.39 [0.84-1.93] |
0.0008 | 2.801 [1.446-5.427] |
0.0023 | |
| Other | 2.85 [0.95-4.75] |
1.40 [0.75-2.05] |
0.0794 | 3.217 [1.277-8.106] |
0.0132 | |
| Suicidality | 0.2522 | |||||
| Yes | 2.69 [2.06-3.31] |
1.64 [1.11-2.18] |
0.0132 | 1.544 [0.932-2.558] |
0.0916 | |
| No | 3.07 [2.18- 3.96] |
1.40 [0.97-1.83] |
0.0002 | 2.457 [1.530-3.944] |
0.0002 | |
| Substance use disorders | 0.0333 | |||||
| Continuous | 3.49 [2.25-4.73] |
1.19 [0.74-1.64] |
<.0001 | 2.820 [1.419-5.605] |
0.0031 | |
| Unspecified or episodic | 2.76 [1.87-3.65] |
1.31 [0.78-1.85] |
0.0040 | 2.079 [1.219-3.548] |
0.0072 | |
| No or in remission | 3.04 [2.06-4.02] |
1.77 [1.12-2.42] |
0.0261 | 1.719 [1.059-2.790] |
0.0284 | |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||
| Urbanity | 0.3667 | |||||
| Urban | 3.11 [2.19- 4.04] |
1.37 [0.97-1.77] |
<.0001 | 2.217 [1.439-3.415] |
0.003 | |
| Rural | 2.55 [2.25-2.86] |
2.18 [0.69- 3.67] |
0.5972 | 1.079 [0.581-2.007] |
0.8092 | |
| Teaching status | 0.0632 | |||||
| Teaching | 2.47 [1.60-3.34] |
1.56 [1.08-2.04] |
0.0474 | 1.688 [1.083-2.632] |
0.0208 | |
| Non-teaching | 3.62 [2.49-4.74] |
1.23 [0.52-1.93] |
0.0004 | 2.893 [1.249-6.698] |
0.0132 | |
| Psychiatric beds | 0.0881 | |||||
| 11-28 | 3.03 [2.45- 3.61] |
1.54 [0.74-2.35] |
0.0101 | 1.878 [1.022-3.450] |
0.0423 | |
| 30-44 | 3.69 [2.37-5.02] |
1.08 [0.29- 1.87] |
0.0014 | 3.044 [1.407-6.588] |
0.0047 | |
| 46-152 | 1.59 [0.00-3.44] |
1.80 [1.22-2.37] |
0.8300 | 1.423 [0.678-2.988] |
0.3507 | |
┼
Controlling for all characteristics in Table 1.