Table 2.

Studies cited by the recent chamber quantification guidelines update as a basis for an increase in normal values for left atrial volumes

Source	Total Patients	Normal Subjects	Method	View	Indexed Mean LA Volume (mL/m2)
Tsang et al,29 2002	140	44	Biplane A-L	Standard apical	22 ± 5 (no diastolic dysfunction)
Barnes et al,4 2004	1554	1462	Biplane A-L	Standard apical	34 ± 14 (no history of stroke)
Takemoto et al,31 2005	1375	1237	Biplane A-L	Standard apical	32 ± 12 (non-HF)
Orban et al,46 2008	24	24	Biplane A-L	Standard apical	17 ± 3
Yoshida et al,2 2009	111	20	Biplane MOD	Standard apical	14 ± 4
Whitlock et al,35 2010	103	18	Biplane A-L	Standard apical	23 ± 6
Cacciapuoti et al,47 2012	77	15	Biplane MOD	Standard apical	23 ± 4
Thomas et al,19 2002	92	92	Biplane MOD	Zoomed apical	23 ± 7
Tsang et al,33 2006	423	255	Biplane A-L	Non-forshortened atrial apical	36 ± 10 (sinus rhythm, no CV events)
Yamaguchi et al,48 2006	105	105	Biplane MOD	Non-forshortened atrial apical	22 ± 4
Nistri et al,37 2011	418	418	Biplane A-L	Dedicated LA	32.2 ± 9
Iwataki et al,42 2012	200	77	Biplane MOD	Non-forshortened atrial apical	27 ± 5
Kou et al,40 2014	734	734	Both	Atrial focused	29 ± 7 (A-L) and 26 ± 6 (MOD)

Abbreviations: A-L, area-length; CV, cardiovascular; HF, heart failure; MOD, method of disks.