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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Maltreat. 2019 May 30;24(4):411–423. doi: 10.1177/1077559519852676

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics by Group.

Control (n = 33) Maltreated (n = 24) Total
Category Value n % n % n % χ2 p
Sex Male 14 42.4 8 33.3 22 38.6 0.18 .67
Female 19 57.6 16 66.7 35 61.4
Race White 12 36.4 4 16.7 16 28.1 6.70 .15
Black 9 27.3 8 33.3 17 29.8
Latino 6 18.2 5 20.8 11 19.3
Asian 4 12.1 1 4.2 5 8.8
Other 2 6.1 6 25.0 8 14.0
Parent education High school or less 4 12.1 4 16.7 8 14.0 4.71 .19
Some college 5 15.2 8 33.3 13 22.8
College degree 15 45.5 5 20.8 20 35.1
Graduate education 8 24.2 7 29.2 15 26.3
Continuous measures M SD M SD M SD t p
Age at scan 17.05 1.48 16.77 1.46 16.93 1.46 0.71 .482
Physical abuse 5.27 0.76 9.88 4.73 7.21 3.84 −4.72 <.001**
Sexual abuse 5.00 0.00 9.67 6.04 6.97 4.52 −3.79 .001**
Emotional abuse 6.24 1.44 12.88 4.46 9.04 4.50 −7.03 <.001**
Combined abuse 16.52 1.75 32.42 10.71 23.21 10.56 −7.20 <.001**
Community violence 45.18 11.53 48.67 12.11 46.65 11.80 −1.09 .279
Internalizing (Wave 2) 14.03 8.17 25.71 12.83 18.95 11.81 −3.92 <.001**
Externalizing (Wave 2) 9.82 6.73 18.00 10.11 13.26 9.19 −3.45 .001**
Internalizing (Wave 3) 12.54 10.11 22.71 9.07 16.90 10.85 −3.70 .001**
Externalizing (Wave 3) 9.25 6.28 16.48 6.48 12.35 7.26 −3.92 <.001**
*

p < .05.

**

p < .001.