Table 5.
Number | References | Domain A | Domain B: method | Domain C: results | Comments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observational method | Observ. design | Instrument | Record parameter | Quality of data | Data analysis and results | ||||
Observation | Recording | ||||||||
1 | Almeida et al., 2014 | Direct observation | Not | FF/CS [Field format combined with category systems] | MATCH VISION STUDIO | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Multivariate logistic regression |
Criteria are called variables. They use independent and dependent variables. |
2 | Andrade et al., 2012 | Direct observation | Not | CS [Category System] | Video (from TV) | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Shapiro-Wilk test Mean comparation |
|
3 | Ardá et al., 2014 | Direct observation | N/S/M | FF/SC | Video (from TV) | Freq | Kappa Consensual agreement |
Descriptive analysis Chi-square Logistic regression (SPSS) |
Dimensions are called variables |
4 | Armatas and Yiannakos, 2010 | Direct observation | Not | Scoreboard | Video SPORTSCOURT |
Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
|
5 | Armatas et al., 2009 | Direct observation | Not | Scoreboard | Video SPORTSCOURT |
Freq | Kappa Correlation coefficient |
Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
|
6 | Barbosa et al., 2014 | Direct observation | I/S/M | FF/CS | SDIS-GSEQ | Order | Kappa Consensual agreement |
Lag sequential analysis | |
7 | Barreira et al., 2014 | Direct observation | N/S/M | FF/CS | SoccerEye | Order | Kappa | Lag sequential analysis | |
8 | Barros et al., 2007 | Direct observation | Not | Distances | Automated tracking system | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Kruskal-Wallis test ANOVA |
|
9 | Bradley et al., 2009 | Direct observation | Not | Categories (Does not meet the category system requirements) | Computerized tracking system (Stadium Manager, ProZone) | Freq | Variation coefficient | Descriptive analysis Normality test ANOVA Tukey's post-hoc tests |
|
10 | Braz and Marcelino, 2013 | Indirect observation | Not | Zonas | Video Excel |
Freq Duration |
Not | Descriptive analysis D'Agostino-Pearson test ANOVA Tukey test |
Data downloaded from the web http://pt.fifa.com/index.html |
11 | Buraczewski et al., 2013 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Mean comparison |
|
12 | Buscá Safont-Tria et al., 1996 | Indirect observation | Not | CB (Catalog of behaviors] | Video | Freq | Agreement coefficient | Descriptive analysis | Data provided by Televisió de Catalunya |
13 | Camerino et al., 2012a | Direct observation | N/P/M | FF/CS | MATCH VISION STUDIO | Order | Kappa | T-Patterns | |
14 | Carey et al., 2001 | Direct observation | Not | CB | Video | Freq | Agreement percentage | Descriptive analysis Correlation |
|
15 | Carling, 2011 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | Computerized tracking AMISCO | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Normality test ANOVA Bonferroni test Effect sizes |
|
16 | Casáis et al., 2011 | Indirect observation | Not | CB | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Kruskal-Wallis test Discriminant analysis |
Data downloaded from the www.sdifutbol.com website Dimensions/behaviors are named variables Observation is called “notation system” |
17 | Casal et al., 2014 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FF | NAC SPORT ELITE 42 | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square Logistic regression |
|
18 | Casal et al., 2016 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FF/CS | NAC SPORT ELITE 42 and LINCE | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square Logistic regression |
Dimensions are called variables |
19 | Casal et al., 2015a | Direct observation | N/S/M | FF/CS | Video | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square Logistic regression |
Dimensions are called variables |
20 | Casal et al., 2017 | Direct observation | Not | FF/CS | Video | Freq Duration |
Kappa | Kruskal-Wallis test Welch test Logistic regression |
|
21 | Casal et al., 2015b | Direct observation | N/S/M | FF | NAC SPORT ELITE 42 | Freq | Kappa | Chi-square Logistic regression |
Dimensions are called variables |
22 | Castañer et al., 2016 | Direct observation | I/F/M | FC/SC (OSMOS) | LINCE | Order | Kappa | Proportions comparison Lag sequential analysos Polar coordinates |
|
23 | Castañer et al., 2017 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FC/SC (OSMOS) | LINCE | Order | Kappa | T-Patterns detection Polar coordinates |
|
24 | Castelão et al., 2015 | Direct observation | Not | CB | Video (from TV) Excel SDIS-GSEQ |
Order | Not | Descriptive analysis Lag sequential analysis (SDIS-GSEQ) |
|
25 | Castellano and Hernández-Mendo, 2000 | Direct observation | Lag-log | FC/SC | Video SDIS-GSEQ |
Order | Kappa Consensual agreement Kendall Pearson Spearman TG |
Lag seqüencial analysis (SDIS-GSEQ) | |
26 | Castellano and Hernández-Mendo, 2002a | Direct observation | Lag-log | FC/SC (SOCCAF) | Video | Order | Kappa Correl. TG |
TG Lag sequential analysis (SDIS-GSEQ) |
|
27 | Castellano and Álvarez, 2013 | Direct observation | Not | CB Distances |
Video EXCEL Computerized tracking AMISCO |
Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Levene test Lineal regression Correlations |
Dimensions/behaviors are named variables They use independent and dependent variables |
28 | Castellano et al., 2013 | Direct observation | Not | Distances | AMISCO Pro | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Mean comparison ANOVA Bonferroni test Effect size |
Dimension “distance” is called “variable” Semiautomatic registration System |
29 | Castellano et al., 2011 | Direct observation | Not | Distances and CS | Amisco | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Mauchly's test of sphericity General linear model Repeated measures ANOVA |
|
30 | Castellano et al., 2012 | Indirect observation | Not | CS | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Dunnett post-hoc test Discriminant analysis |
Data downloaded from the web: http://fifa.com/worldcup/index.html Behaviors are named indicators Dimensions/criteria are named variables |
|
31 | Castellano et al., 2009 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video EXCEL | Freq | Consensual agreement | Multidimensional scaling Correspondence analysis |
|
32 | Cavalera et al., 2015 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FC/SC | Video LINCE | Order | Kappa | T-Patterns | |
33 | Clemente, 2012 | Indirect observation | Not | CB | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis ANOVA Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Levene test |
Data downloaded from the web (http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/index.html) Observation is called “notation analysis” Behaviors are named variables, they also call them indicators The terms independent and dependent variable are used |
34 | Collet, 2013 | Indirect observation | Not | CS Duration |
Video STATA |
Freq Duration |
Not | Odds ratio Correlation Logistic regression |
Some data was downloaded from websites: http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtable/index.html |
35 | Di Salvo et al., 2010 | Direct observation | Not | CB | Semi-automated image recognition system (Prozone®) | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Mean comparison Size effect |
|
36 | Di Salvo et al., 2007 | Direct observation | Not | Categories Rating scale Distances |
Computerized tracking AMISCO | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis ANOVA Tukey test |
|
37 | Di Salvo et al., 2008 | Direct observation | Not | Rating scale | Video | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Pearson correlation |
|
38 | Di Salvo et al., 2009 | Direct observation | Not | Distances and some behaviors | Semi-automated image recognition system (Prozone ®) | Freq | Coefficient of variation | Mixed linear modeling Bonferroni test |
|
39 | Fleury et al., 2009 | Indirect observation | Not | Indicators | Excel | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis | Data downloaded from the web http://www.cbf.com.br |
40 | Gómez-Ruano et al., 2012 | Indirect observation | Not | CB | Not | Freq | Kappa | Mixed linear model Factor analysis (using principal components and varimax rotation) |
Data downloaded from the web www.sdifutbol.com They use independent and dependent variables Observation is called “notation system” |
41 | Holienka and Farkasovsy, 2017 | Direct observation | Not | CB | Not | Freq | Not | Binomial test Mann-Whitney test |
Authors consider it indirect observation |
42 | Hughes and Franks, 2005 | Direct observation | Not | CB Scoreboard | Video | Freq | Percentage agreement | Mean comparison Regression analysis |
Observation is called “notation system” |
43 | James et al., 2002 | Direct observation | Not | CB Scoreboard | Video computerized System (Noldus Observer Video Pro) | Freq | Agreement percent | Chi-square | |
44 | Lago-Ballesteros and Lago-Peñas, 2010 | Indirect observation | Not | CB | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis ANOVA |
Data downloaded from the web www.sdifutbol.com Dimensions/behaviors are named variables |
45 | Lago-Peñas and Anguera, 2003 | Direct observation | Not | FF | Video | Order | Consensual agreement Kappa |
Lag sequential analysis | |
46 | Lago-Peñas and Lago-Ballesteros, 2011 | Indirect observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Mean comparison (t and Mann-Whitney) Structural coefficients |
Dimensions/behaviors are named variables Observation is called “notation system” |
47 | Lago-Peñas et al., 2010 | Indirect observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Kruskal-Wallis test Chi-square Discriminant analysis |
Data downloaded from the web www.sdifutbol.com Dimensions/behaviors are named variables Observation is called “notation system” |
48 | Lago-Peñas and Martín, 2007 | Indirect observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq and duration | Not | Determination coefficient Regression analysis |
They use independent and dependent variables Observation is called “notation system” |
49 | Lago-Peñas and Dellal, 2010 | Indirect observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Variation coefficient Regression analysis |
They use independent and dependent variables Dimensions/behaviors are named variables |
50 | Lago-Peñas et al., 2003 | Direct observation | I/F/M | FF | Video SDIS-GSEQ |
Order | Kappa Consensual agreement |
Descriptive analysis Lag sequential analysis |
|
51 | Lago-Peñas et al., 2009 | Direct observation | Not | Categories Rating scales |
Computerized tracking AMISCO | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Lineal regression |
Dimensions/behaviors are named variables They use independent and dependent variables |
52 | Lago-Peñas et al., 2010 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | Computerized tracking AMISCO | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Lineal regression |
Dimensions/behaviors are named variables |
53 | Lago-Peñas et al., 2011 | Indirect observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis ANOVA Discriminant analysis Structural coefficients |
Criteria are named variables |
54 | Leite, 2013 | Indirect observation | Not | Scoreboard | Archive data | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis | Data downloaded from the web www.fifa.com |
55 | Losada, 2012 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FC/SC | MATCH VISION STUDIO | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis ANOVA Log-linear analysis Correspondence analysis |
|
56 | Machado et al., 2013 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FF/SC | SoccerEye | Order | Kappa | Lag sequential analysis | |
57 | Maneiro et al., 2017a | Direct observation | N/S/M | FC/SC | Video | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
Dimensions are named variables |
58 | Maneiro et al., 2017b | Direct observation | N/S/M | FC/SC | Video | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square Logistic regression |
|
59 | Moraes et al., 2012 | Indirect observation | Not | Categories | Video | Freq Duration |
Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
Data provided by Central Digital de Dados–GFPA Dimensions are named variables |
60 | Njororai, 2013 | Indirect observation | Not | Archive data | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis | Data downloaded from the web http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics | |
61 | Novaes de Souza et al., 2012 | Indirect observation | Not | Categories | Video | Freq | Third observer when disagreement existed | Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Levene test ANOVA Newman-Keuls test Friedman test |
Data downloaded from the webs: Esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/campeonatos/brasileiro/, globoesporte.globo.com, www.youtube.com |
62 | Pino et al., 1998 | Direct observation | Not | SC Rating scale |
Video | Freq | Correlation coefficient | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
|
63 | Planes and Anguera, 2015 | Direct observation | N/F/M | FF/SC | MOTS LINCE |
Order | Kappa | Comparison proportions | |
64 | Pollard, 2006 | Indirect observation | Not | Scoreboard | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Regression analysis |
Data downloaded from the webs: www.soccerway.com, www.rsssf.com and the Rothmans Football Yearbook independent and dependent variables are used |
65 | Ramos and Oliveira, 2008 | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis | |
66 | Rampinini et al., 2007 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | Video Semiautomatic system PROZONE |
Freq Duration |
Not | Descriptive analysis Normality test Sphericity test ANOVA Bonferroni post-ho test |
|
67 | Ric et al., 2016 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | SPI Pro GPSports |
Freq Duration |
Not | Hierarchical principal components Kruskal-Wallis test |
|
68 | Sainz de Baranda and López-Riquelme, 2012 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video DARTFISH TEAM PRO |
Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Chi-square Phi coefficient Cramer statistic |
Observation is also called “notation system” |
69 | Sáinz de Baranda et al., 2011 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Not | Freq | Kappa Correlation coefficient |
Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
|
70 | Sánchez et al., 2009 | Indirect observation | Not | Scoreboard | archived data | Freq | Not | Mean comparation ANOVA |
Data downloaded from the web www.lfp.es |
71 | Sánchez-Flores et al., 2012 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video OBSERVER |
Freq | Kappa Consensual agreement |
Descriptive analysis Chi-square Binomial test (Poisson) |
The observation instrument consists of categories and subcategories. Interplay sequentially is implicit. |
72 | Santos et al., 2016 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video Excel |
Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Kruskal-Wallis test |
|
73 | Sarmento et al., 2011 | Direct observation | Not | FF | Not | Order | Inter- and intra-agreement | T-Patterns | |
74 | Sarmento et al., 2017 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video | Freq | Kappa | Chi-square Logistic regression |
|
75 | Scoulding et al., 2004 | Direct observation | Not | CS | Video NOLDUS OBSERVER VIDEO PRO |
Freq Duration |
Agreement | Chi-square Mann-Whitney test |
Observation is called “notational system” |
76 | Sgrò et al., 2016 | Direct observation | Not | Indicators | Video LONGOMATCH |
Freq | ICC coefficient | OTP Ratio ANOVA Logistic regression |
Behaviors are named indicators |
77 | Sgrò et al., 2015 | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video LONGOMATCH |
Freq | Correlation coefficient | Descriptive analysos Shapiro-Wilk test Kruskal-Wallis test Discriminant analysis |
Observation is called “notation system” Behaviors are named indicators The denomination of independent and dependent variables is used |
78 | Shafizadeh et al., 2013 | Direct observation | Not | BC Technical data |
Video SPORTS PERFORMER SOFTWARE |
Freq | Not | Time-series analysis | Behaviors are named indicators |
79 | Siegle and Lames, 2012 | Direct observation | Not | FF/CS | Video | Freq Duration |
Kappa Correlation coefficient |
Descriptive analysis ANOVA MANOVA |
|
80 | Silva et al., 2009 | Indirect observation | Not | BC Distances |
archived data | Freq | Not | Spearman correlation |
Behaviors to be observed are called ‘technical indicators’ Data downloaded from the web: www.globo.com/globoesporte |
81 | Silva et al., 2005 | Direct observation | N/F/M | BC | Video SDIS-GSEQ |
Order | Kappa | Lag sequential analysis | |
82 | Soroka, 2014 | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video Semiautomatic system FIFA's Castrol Performance |
Freq | Not | Efficacy index Efficiency index Descriptive analysis Mean comparison |
|
83 | Stanculescu et al., 2014 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | Video | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Means comparation |
Observation is called “notation system” Behaviors to be observed are called “parameters” |
84 | Szwarc, 2008 | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis | |
85 | Taylor et al., 2008 | Direct observation | Not | Categories | Video NOLDUS OBSERVER VIDEO PRO |
Freq | Agreement coefficient | Log-linear analysis Logit analysis |
Observation is called “notation system” |
86 | Tenga et al., 2010c | Direct observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Logistic regression |
Criteria/behaviors are named variables Control sample was used |
87 | Tenga et al., 2010b | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video FINAL CUT PRO |
Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis Logistic regression ROC curve |
Dimensions/behaviors are named variables They use independent and dependent variables |
88 | Thomas et al., 2006 | Indirect observation | Not | Rating scale | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
Data downloaded from the web: www.soccerbase.com |
89 | Tierney et al., 2016) | Direct observation | Not | BC | Not | Freq | Not | Descriptive analysis MANOVA |
It is combined with an experimental method |
90 | Vigne et al., 2010 | Direct observation | Not | BC | Video | Freq | Kappa | Descriptive analysis ANOVA |
|
91 | Vogelbein et al., 2014 | Direct observation | Not | BC Scoreboard |
German PAL MathBall software |
Freq and duration | Kappa α de Cronbach |
Descriptive statistics Kruskal-Wallis test Mann-Whitney test Point-biserial correlation |
|
92 | Wallace and Norton, 2014 | Direct observation | Not | FF/CS | SportsTec Australia | Freq Duration |
Inter e intra (binomial test) | Regression analysis Trend analysis |
Also, it is a correlational study Observation is called “notation system” |
93 | Yiannakos and Armatas, 2006 | Direct observation | Not | BC Distances |
Video SPORTSCOURT |
Freq | Correlation coefficient | Descriptive analysis Chi-square |
|
94 | Zurloni et al., 2014 | Direct observation | N/P/M | BC | LINCE | Order | Kappa | T-Patterns |