Table 3.
Association between falls-related POSAMINO criteria and any falls, injurious falls and number of falls at 2 and 4 years follow-up
| Any falls (RR, 95% CI) | Injurious falls (RR, 95% CI) | Number of falls (IRR, 95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N‡ | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | N‡ | Unadjusted | Adjusted † | Mean falls (SD) | Unadjusted | Adjusted † | |
| 2-Year follow-up | |||||||||
| Any POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)a | 43 (25%) | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 15(9%) | 0.85 (0.51–1.41) | 0.97 (0.55–1.69) | 0.41 (0.89) | 0.99 (0.70–1.41) | 0.87 (0.59–1.27) |
| Number of POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. zero)b | |||||||||
| 1 | 25 (24%) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) | 8 (8%) | 0.75 (0.38–1.49) | 0.97 (0.46–2.07) | 0.38 (0.88) | 0.93 (0.59–1.46) | 1.05 (0.65–1.69) |
| ≥ 2 | 18 (26%) | 1.05 (0.70–1.58) | 0.93 (0.60–1.45) | 7 (10%) | 0.99 (0.48–2.03) | 0.96 (0.43–2.12) | 0.44 (0.91) | 1.09 (0.64–1.84) | 0.64 (0.35–1.16) |
| CVS POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)c | 31 (22%) | 0.91 (0.66–1.26) | 0.85 (0.59–1.23) | 10 (7%) | 0.71 (0.38–1.31) | 0.73 (0.36–1.51) | 0.38 (0.87) | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 0.72 (0.46–1.12) |
| CNS POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)d | 18 (36%) | 1.49*(1.02–2.19) | 1.44 (0.98–2.10) | 7 (14%) | 1.43 (0.71–2.89) | 1.61(0.76–3.39) | 0.56 (0.95) | 1.39 (0.77–2.50) | 1.21 (0.66–2.33) |
| 4-Year follow-up | |||||||||
| Any POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)a | 78 (45%) | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | 31 (18%) | 0.96 (0.68–1.35) | 1.15 (0.80–1.66) | 0.97 (1.41) | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) |
| Number of POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. zero)b | |||||||||
| 1 | 47 (45%) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) | 20 (19%) | 1.03 (0.68–1.55) | 1.47 (0.99–2.18) | 0.92 (1.34) | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 1.29 (0.93–1.80) |
| ≥ 2 | 31 (44%) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 11 (16%) | 0.85 (0.49–1.48) | 0.71 (0.35–1.42) | 1.03 (1.52) | 1.25 (0.86–1.82) | 0.83 (0.55–1.27) |
| CVS POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)c | 56 (41%) | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 20 (14%) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.86 (0.53–1.39) | 0.88 (1.40) | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) |
| CNS POSAMINO Falls criteria (vs. none)d | 30 (60%) | 1.46*(1.15–1.84) | 1.50*(1.21–1.88) | 13 (26%) | 1.43 (0.89–2.32) | 1.62*(1.03–2.55) | 1.4 (1.60) | 1.71*(1.13–2.59) | 1.48 (0.97–2.25) |
aModel 1;
bModel 2;
cModel 3;
dModel 4.
†Adjusted for age, gender, the time between interviews, history of falls, fear of falls, chronic pain, unsteadiness, walking aid use, eye conditions, disability, polypharmacy, Fall risk increasing drugs not included in the POSAMINO, depression, incontinence, history of syncope and cognition using the MoCA scale.
‡Number of people exposed to POSAMINO who experienced the specified falls outcome.
* P < 0.05.