Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of children and their parents in the EARLI study, stratified by child diagnosis
| Child 36 month outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD (n = 18) | Non-TD (n = 48) | TD (n = 43) | p valuea | |
| Child male gender, n (%) | 13 (72.2) | 23 (47.9) | 19 (44.2) | 0.13 |
| Child race and ethnicity, n (%)b | 0.02 h | |||
| White (European or Middle Eastern) | 6 (35.3) | 23 (48.9) | 24 (55.8) | |
| Black/African-American | 3 (17.6) | 8 (17) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2 (11.8) | 5 (10.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Hispanic White | 2 (11.8) | 3 (6.4) | 3 (7) | |
| Hispanic Non-White | 2 (11.8) | 7 (14.9) | 8 (18.6) | |
| Multiracial | 2 (11.8) | 1 (2.1) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Mother age (years), mean (SD) | 34.4 (4) | 33.8 (4.3) | 34.7 (5) | 0.60 |
| Father age (years), mean (SD) | 35.4 (6.8) | 35.7 (5) | 36.2 (6.4) | 0.88 |
| Mother prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD)c | 29.4 (7.1) | 27.4 (7) | 27.9 (7.2) | 0.60 |
| Mother smoking by urine cotinine, n (%)d | 1 (6.3) | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 0.30 |
| Mother bachelor’s degree +, n (%) | 8 (44.4) | 28 (58.3) | 29 (67.4) | 0.26 |
| Father bachelor’s degree +, n (%)e | 7 (38.9) | 28 (62.2) | 25 (58.1) | 0.24 |
| Own home, n (%) | 8 (44.4) | 31 (64.6) | 36 (83.7) | 0.01 h |
| Cesarean delivery, n (%)f | 9 (56.3) | 17 (39.5) | 12 (35.3) | 0.38 |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.2 (1.4) | 39.4 (1.5) | 39.1 (1.5) | 0.70 |
| Birth weight (kg), mean (SD)g | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | 1.00 |
ASD autism spectrum disorder, Non-TD non-typically developing, TD typically developing
ap values from Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables
bFrequency missing = 1 ASD, 1 Non-TD
cFrequency missing = 1 Non-TD
dFrequency missing = 2 ASD, 4 Non-TD, 3 TD
eFrequency missing = 3 Non-TD
fFrequency missing = 2 ASD, 5 Non-TD, 9 TD
gFrequency missing = 1 TD
hNominally-significant association with child diagnosis