Table 1.
Association of child and parental characteristics with acute respiratory infections among under-five children in Southern Tigray public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2016/2017 (cases 96, controls 192)
| Variables | Participant type | COR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | ||
| Age of mother | n(%) | n(%) | |
| < 20 | 6 (6.5) | 14 (7.1) | 1 |
| 20–25 | 25 (27.2) | 59 (30.1) | 1.011 (0.349–2.933) |
| 26–30 | 24 (26.1) | 49 (25) | 0.875 (0.299–2.561) |
| 31–35 | 16 (17.4) | 43 (21.9) | 1.152 (0.378–3.514) |
| 36–40 | 17 (18.5) | 25 (12.8) | 0.630 (0.202–1.966) |
| > 40 | 4 (4.3) | 6 (3.1) | 0.643 (0.132–3.140) |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 38 (39.5) | 93 (48.4) | 1 |
| Rural | 58 (60.5) | 99 (51.6) | 0.640 (0.386–1.060) |
| Religion | |||
| Orthodox | 74 (80.4) | 153 (78.1) | 1 |
| Muslim | 15 (16.3) | 41 (20.9) | 1.322 (0.688–2.541) |
| Protestant | 2 (2.2) | 2 (1) | 0.484 (0.067–3.501) |
| Educational status of mother | |||
| Unable to read and write | 36 (39.1) | 48 (24.5) | 1.211 (0.576–3.033) |
| Read and write | 19 (20.7) | 42 (21.4) | 1.658 (0.829–3.316) |
| Primary | 16 (17.4) | 28 (14.3) | 1.312 (0.619–2.781) |
| Secondary | 15 (16.3) | 59 (30.1) | 2.950 (1.446–6.017) |
| Preparatory | 6 (6.5) | 15 (7.7) | 1.875 (0.662–5.309) |
| Occupation of mother | |||
| Government employee | 9 (9.8) | 32 (16.3) | 1 |
| Student | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2) | 1.125 (0.111–11.365) |
| Farmer | 16 (17.4) | 50 (25.5) | 0.879 (0.347–2.226) |
| Merchant | 13 (14.1) | 32 (16.3) | 0.692 (0.260–1.847) |
| Daily worker | 12 (13) | 7 (3.6) | 0.164 (0.050–0.539) |
| House wife | 41 (44.6) | 71 (36.2) | 0.487 (0.212–1.121) |
| Monthly income (ETB) | |||
| < 1000 | 23 (25) | 45 (23) | 1.304 (0.673–2.526) |
| 1000–2500 | 40 (43.5) | 77 (39.3) | 0.984 (0.523–1.849) |
| 2500 and above | 29 (31.5) | 74 (34.8) | 1 |
| Household family size | |||
| 4 or less | 27 (29.3) | 76 (38.8) | 1 |
| 5–7 | 47 (51.1) | 108 (55.1) | 0.816 (0.468–1.425) |
| 8 and above | 18 (19.6) | 12 (6.1) | 0.237 (0.101–0.555) |
| Child age (months) | n(%) | n(%) | |
| < 6 | 1 (1.1) | 10 (5.1) | 1 |
| 6–12 | 35 (38) | 74 (34.8) | 0.211 (0.26–1.717) |
| 13–24 | 24 (26.1) | 55 (28.1) | 0.229 (0.28–1.892) |
| 25–59 | 32 (34.8) | 57 (91.1) | 0.178 (0.22–1.456) |
| Child sex | |||
| Male | 55 (57.2) | 105 (54.6) | 1 |
| Female | 41 (42.8) | 87 (43.4) | 1.059 (0.643–1.745) |
| Place where child delivered | |||
| Hospital | 37 (40.2) | 99 (50.5) | 1 |
| Health center | 47 (41.1) | 87 (44.4) | 0.692 (0.412–1.162) |
| Home | 8 (8.7) | 10 (5.1) | 0.467 (0.171–1.274) |
| Number of siblings | |||
| 0 | 15 (16.3) | 48 (24.5) | 1 |
| 1–2 | 23 (25) | 64 (32.7) | 0.870 (0.411–1.842) |
| 3 and above | 54 (58.7) | 84 (42.9) | 0.486 (0.248–0.953) |
| Number of under five children | |||
| 1 | 75 (81.5) | 171 (87.2) | 1 |
| 2 | 17 (18.5) | 25 (12.8) | 0.645 (0.329–1.265) |
| Birth order | |||
| First | 13 (14.1) | 50 (25.5) | 1 |
| Second | 14 (15.2) | 27 (13.8) | 0.501 (0.206–1.229) |
| Third | 13 (14.1) | 38 (19.4) | 0.760 (0.316–1.827) |
| 4th and above | 52 (56.5) | 81 (41.3) | 0.405 (0.201–0.808) |
| Period of breast feeding | |||
| Not breast fed | 2 (2.2) | 5 (2.6) | 1 |
| Less than 4 months | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2) | 1.600 (0.104–24.703) |
| 4–6 months | 2 (2.2) | 3 (1.5) | 0.600 (0.053–6.795) |
| 6 months and above | 36 (39.1) | 55 (28.1) | 0.611 (0.112–3.321) |
| Continuing | 51 (55.4) | 129 (65.8) | 1.012 (0.190–5.383) |
| Nutritional status | |||
| Wasted | 7 (7.6) | 20 (11.2) | 1.51 (1.779–9.296) |
| Not wasted | 84 (92.4) | 157 (88.8) | 1 |
OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, p Level of significance using chi-square test, p < 0.05 was considered significant