Table 3.
Neuropsychological tests performed at study enrolment (week 0).
| Week 0 Standard Scores | *Adjusted Mean Difference (95%CI) vs HUU | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | n/N (%) with impairment** | ||
| Processing speed index | |||
| PHIV | 93.5 (16.7) | 10/131 (7.6) | −7.9 (−13.8 to −2.1) ; P = 0.008 |
| HEU | 103.7 (16.6) | 3/93 (3.2) | −0.2 (−5.7 to 5.4) ; P = 0.95 |
| HUU | 109.1 (19.3) | 3/94 (3.2) | Ref |
| Freedom from distractibility index | |||
| PHIV | 85.4 (13.3) | 11/87 (12.6) | −7.8 (−12.9 to −2.6); P = 0.003 |
| HEU | 95.4 (12.1) | 0/76 | −1.1 (−5.8 to 3.7) ; P = 0.66 |
| HUU | 100.8 (14.9) | 3/84 (3.6) | Ref |
| WRAML-2 Design Memory | |||
| PHIV | 6.4 (3.1) | 34/231 (14.7) | −1.2 (−1.9 to −0.4) ; P =0.005 |
| HEU | 7.5 (3.3) | 8/133 (6.0) | −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7) ; P =0.83 |
| HUU | 8.0 (3.2) | 3/146 (2.1) | Ref |
| WRAML-2 Design Recognition | |||
| PHIV | 7.5 (2.5) | 18/231 (7.8) | −0.3 (−1.0 to 0.4) ; P = 0.35 |
| HEU | 8.7 (3.3) | 9/133 (6.8) | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.3) ; P= 0.13 |
| HUU | 8.3 (3.1) | 0 /146 (0) | Ref |
| Grooved pegboard Successful pin placements | |||
| PHIV | 72.1 (19.5) | 5/231 (2.2) | 1.4 (−2.71 to 5.6); P =0.50 |
| HEU | 71.6 (12.3) | 1/132 (0.8) | 1.2 (−3.2 to 5.5) ; P = 0.60 |
| HUU | 72.8 (14.1) | 0/146 (0) | Ref |
PHIV = perinatally HIV infected youth; HEU = HIV exposed, uninfected youth and HUU = HIV unexposed, uninfected youth.
WISC-III/WAIS-III Processing Speed Index and Freedom from Distractibility Index were conducted only in Thai participants. WRAML = Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning
*
Adjusted for primary caregiver relationship (orphanage, grandparent or other family versus parent), education of caregiver (college/university or high school diploma versus elementary or no education as a reference), participant ethnicity, and annual household income (<15,000 USD versus ≥15,000 USD as a reference).
**
Impairment defined as ≥2 SD below the age/sex adjusted mean of the HUU group