Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics on Study Variables by Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Diagnosis
| Variable | Trauma Exposed (n = 2, 647) |
PTSD Diagnosis (n = 277) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep Disturbance | n | % | n | % | |
| Insomnia only | 444 | 16.8 | 69 | 24.9 | |
| Nightmares only | 360 | 13.6 | 31 | 11.3 | |
| Both insomnia and nightmares | 366 | 13.8 | 157 | 56.7 | |
| Neither sleep problem | 1,477 | 55.8 | 19 | 6.9 | |
| Traumatic event typea | |||||
| Natural or manmade Disaster | 1,491 | 56.3 | 126 | 54.5 | |
| Accident or fire | 1,427 | 53.9 | 167 | 60.5 | |
| Hazardous chemicals | 493 | 18.6 | 74 | 26.6 | |
| War zone/combat | 231 | 8.7 | 24 | 8.8 | |
| Physical/sexual assault | 1,568 | 59.2 | 240 | 86.7 | |
| Witness physical/sexual assault | 982 | 37.1 | 163 | 58.7 | |
| Witness dead bodies | 667 | 25.2 | 106 | 38.3 | |
| Family/friend life threat/injury | 956 | 36.1 | 160 | 57.7 | |
| Family/friend violent death | 1,529 | 57.8 | 206 | 74.6 | |
| Secondary work Exposure | 340 | 12.9 | 60 | 21.7 | |
a
Participants were able to endorse experience of multiple event types; thus, cumulative percentages for endorsement of traumatic events will exceed 100%.