Table 1.

Representative Examples Of MnO-Based Nanoparticles As Contrast Agents And Nanotheranostic Agents In Vivo

Single Mode Imaging Contrast Agents
Materials	Targets	Imaging Modality	Animal Model	Reference
mPEG&cRGD-g-PAsp@MnO	cRGD	T1-MRI	A549 tumor-bearing mice	28
PEG-MnO	AS1411	T1-MRI	786-0 tumor-bearing mice	27
MnO-TETT-FA	folic acid	T1-MRI	Tiny brain glioma bearing mice	34
MnO modified with PEG	RGD	T1-MRI	M21 tumor-bearing mice	33
MnO@PVP	\	T1-MRI	Healthy KM mice	35
mPEG-SA-DA@MnO	\	T1-MRI	A 4-week male ICR mouse	32
MnO@PDns	\	T1-MRI	Healthy balb/c female mice	31
Multimodal imaging contrast agents
Materials	Targets	Imaging Modality	Animal Model	Reference
Fe3O4@MnO/mSiO2-CD133	CD133	T1- and T2-MRI	Adult Sprague−Dawley rats	37
Fe3O4/MnO–Cy5.5–CTX	CTX	NIRF/T1- and T2-MRI	Glioma-bearing mice	44
MnO-PEG-Cy5.5	\	NIRF/T1-MRI	Glioma-bearing nude mice	40
MnO-TETT	\	Fluorescence/T1-MRI	Glioma-bearing mice	42
MnO@Au	\	T1-MR/PA/CT Imaging	HepG2-bearing mice	45
Au@HMSN/Au&MnO-PEI	\	US/MR/CT Imaging	VX2 tumor–bearing rabbits	2
Nanotheranostic agents
Materials	Treatment agents	Imaging-guided treatment	Animal model	Reference
MnO@CNSs	CNSs	MRI-guided PTT	4T1 tumor-bearing BABL/c mice	14
MWNTs-MnO-PEG	MWNTs	MR and dark dye imaging-guided PTT	Mice exhibiting LNs metastases	53
IR808@MnO	IR808	NIR fluorescence/PA/MR imaging-guided PTT	MCF-7 cell tumor-bearing nude mice	54
MnO and DTX co-loaded PTNPs	DTX	MR and fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy	Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice	52
USMO@MSNs-Dox	Dox	MRI-guided chemotherapy	HeLa cells-bearing BABL/c nude mice	51

Abbreviations: mPEG, methoxypolyethylene glycols; cRGD, cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid; PAsp, poly(aspartic acid); mPEG&cRGD-g-PAsp, mPEG and cRGD-grafted PAsp; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PEG, poly (ethylene glycol); TETT, N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylene diamine triacetic acid; FA, folic acid; RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid; PVP, poly(vinylpyrrolidone); mPEG-SA-DA, dopamine-terminated mPEG linked with succinic anhydride; PDns, pegylated bis-phosphonate dendrons; mSiO₂, mesoporous silica; CTX, chlorotoxin; NIRF, near-infrared fluorescence; PA, photoacoustic; CT, X-ray computed tomography; HMSN, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle; PEI, polyethylenimine; US, ultrasound; CNSs, carbonaceous nanospheres; PTT, photothermal therapy; MWNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes; DTX, docetaxel; PTNPs, polymeric theranostic nanoparticles; USMO@MSNs, ultrasmall manganese oxide-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles; Dox, doxorubicin.