Table 3.
Imaging targets related to T-cell effector function.
| Name/Target | Type | Tracer / substrate | Discussion | Active clinical trials | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| human PD-1 (murine and human target) |
Antibody | [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-PD-1 | - Slow accumulation in peripheral tissue, thus multiple day-acquisition protocols - No established correlation with molecule expression levels - Accurate reflection of in vivo biodistribution of the therapeutic antibody |
n/a | 95, 96 |
| [89Zr]Zr-nivolumab | n/a | ||||
| [89Zr]Zr-pembrolizumab | NCT03065764, NCT02760225 | ||||
| human CTLA-4 (murine target) |
Antibody | [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-anti-CTLA-4; | .- Accurate reflection of in vivo biodistribution of the therapeutic antibody | n/a | 97 |
| [89Zr]Zr-ipilimumab | NCT03313323 | ||||
| Granzyme B (murine target) |
Peptide | [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-GZP | - Less dependent on tissue perfusion and perhaps better reflection of actual molecule expression levels | n/a | 98 |
| Interferon gamma (murine target) | Antibody | [89Zr]Zr-anti-IFNγ | n/a | 100 |