. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 Nov;49(11):4572–4583. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04162-2

Table 2.

Association of steroid-related biomarkers with ASD in Utah FASTER participants (N=72)

				Crude models			Adjusted models^a
Steroid	Mean	Range	SD	OR	95% CI	P Value	AOR	95% CI	P Value
Androstenedione^b (ng/ml)	1.86	0.30–5.84	1.09	0.99	0.61–1.59	0.96	1.01	0.59–1.73	0.99
17-hydroxyprogesterone^b (ng/ml)	2.37	0.81–5.34	0.81	0.8	0.42–1.51	0.49	0.74	0.38–1.47	0.39
DHEA^b (pg/ml)	4.32	0.68–20.13	2.96	0.83	0.66–1.04	0.11	0.76	0.57–1.00	0.05
DHEAS^b (ug/ml)	1.19	0.09–4.37	0.82	0.67	0.36–1.26	0.22	0.55	0.26–1.18	0.12
Free testosterone^b (pg/ml)	1.23	0.06–3.26	0.75	0.94	0.46–1.91	0.85	0.81	0.36–1.82	0.61
Total testosterone^b (ng/ml)	0.82	0.34–1.78	0.32	2.81	0.48–16.46	0.25	3.15	0.37–26.48	0.29
SHBG^c (nmol/L)	117.09	57.05–450.50	76.87	0.43	0.26–0.72	0.001	0.34	0.17–0.69	0.003
Estradiol^d (pg/ml)	1162.56	330.83–2285.98	454.05	1.2	1.04–1.38	0.01	1.21	1.03–1.42	0.02

Adjusted for maternal age, newborn’s sex, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal BMI at start of pregnancy, and gestational age at time of serum sample.

OR and AOR are calculated for every 1 unit increase in the steroid

OR and AOR are calculated for every 50 nmol/L increase in SHBG

OR and AOR are calculated for every 100 pg/ml increase in estradiol