Table 1.
Patients’ baseline characteristics.
| Patients (N = 35) | Number (%) or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 17 (48.6%) |
| Age (y) | 63.5 ± 9.7 (43–80) |
| BW (kg) | 70.4 ± 14.5 (49.0–107.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 3.9 (19.8–37.8) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.3 ± 17.4 (88–162) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.5 ± 12.6 (44–109) |
| Patient history | |
| Smoking | 4 (11.4%) |
| Alcohol | 1 (2.9%) |
| Hypertension | 29 (82.9%) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 26 (74.3%) |
| Gout | 2 (5.7%) |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 6 (17.1%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 17 (48.6%) |
| Previous cerebrovascular accident | 1 (2.9%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (8.6%) |
| Laboratory data | |
| Haematocrit (%) | 41.8 ± 4.5 (30.3–54.5) |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 64.32 ± 66.58 (8.84–283.30) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.5–1.6) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.3 ± 19.4 (46.3–132.9) |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.0 ± 1.1 (5.3–11.7) |
| T-CHO (mg/dL) | 167.5 ± 39.3 (68.0–237.0) |
| TG (mg/dL) | 160.1 ± 94.1 (51.0–401.0) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 88.1 ± 22.5 (48.0–144.0) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.3 ± 11.8 (28.0–77.0) |
| Medication | |
| Aspirin | 14 (40%) |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (2.9%) |
| Beta-blocker | 16 (45.7%) |
| Non-DHP CCB | 3 (8.6%) |
| DHP CCB | 11 (31.4%) |
| ACE inhibitor | 8 (22.9%) |
| ARB | 17 (48.6%) |
| Furosemide | 2 (5.7%) |
| Spironolactone | 1 (2.9%) |
| Alpha-blocker | 12 (34.3%) |
| Nitrate | 2 (5.7%) |
| Metformin | 26 (74.3%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 5 (14.3%) |
| Glinide | 1 (2.9%) |
| Pioglitazone | 13 (31.1%) |
| Insulin | 2 (5.7%) |
| Statin | 28 (80%) |
| CMRI parameters | |
| Myocardial TG (%) | 0.048 ± 0.340 (0.013–1.690) |
| Pericardial fat (g) | 32.26 ± 14.60 (5.74–82.76) |
| ECV (%) | 27.40 ± 4.08 (22.42–42.65) |
| LVEDV (mL) | 94.38 ± 28.21 (41.00–162.00) |
| LVESV (mL) | 24.54 ± 19.56 (2.54–79.86) |
| nLVEDV (mL/m2) | 53.46 ± 16.20 (25.56–100.11) |
| nLVESV (mL/m2) | 13.81 ± 11.94 (1.57–56.78) |
| LVEF (%) | 77.23 ± 12.12 (43.28–93.86) |
| LVPER (ESV/s) | −3.74 ± 1.01 (−5.62 to −1.41) |
| LVPFR (EDV/s) | 3.87 ± 1.55 (0.57–6.38) |
| LVMi (g/m2) | 95.11 ± 28.26 (35.39–151.23) |
SD: standard deviation; CMRI: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; BW: body weight; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; T-CHO: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein DHP CCB: dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ECV: extracellular volume; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; nLVEDV: normalized LVEDV (by body surface area); nLVESV: normalized LVESV (by body surface area); LVEF: left ventricle ejection fraction; LVPER: left ventricular peak ejection rate; LVPFR: left ventricular peak filling rate; LVMi: left ventricular mass index.