Exhibit 1.

Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized for Sepsis in New York State from 2014 to 2016, According to Racial or Ethnic Group

Characteristics	White	Black	Hispanic	Asian
Patient Variable
N (% of total sample)	33,338 (66.6)	8,663 (17.3)	5,489 (11.0)	2,539 (5.1)
Mean Age, y	72.7	66.1	65.1	70.4
Female, %	48.5	49.5	51.1	56.5
Coexisting condition, %
Diabetes mellitus	32.9	42.6	43.7	43.5
Congestive heart failure	21.9	20.3	17.9	16.0
Chronic respiratory disease	11.4	13.5	10.7	12.3
End-stage renal disease	9.2	17.8	11.1	10.5
Metastatic cancer	8.9	9.8	9.1	11.9
Chronic liver disease	5.0	7.5	9.8	7.6
Lymphoma/leukemia/multiple myeloma	4.5	4.2	4.0	4.7
Organ transplant	1.4	1.8	2.2	2.8
HIV/AIDS	0.9	7.5	4.8	0.7
Site of infection, %
Respiratory	39.6	38.7	38.9	40.6
Urinary	28.0	25.1	26.8	25.9
Gastrointestinal	10.4	8.1	11.0	12.7
Skin	7.1	8.4	6.5	3.7
Other	7.7	9.8	8.9	9.2
Unknown	7.1	9.9	7.8	7.9
Positive blood cultures, %	27.6	30.8	28.4	28.1
Serum lactate (mmol/liter), median	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.9
Septic shock, %	45.4	42.8	43.4	45.8
In-hospital mortality, %	23.5	24.8	20.2	24.5
Hospital Variable
Teaching hospital, %	75.8	93.6	94.0	95.9
Tax status, not-for-profit %	90.3	73.6	79.6	84.8
Medicaid or uninsured/self-pay, median	9.7	31.7	26.0	14.4
Geographic location, %
New York City	23.3	62.1	73.3	73.7
Non-NYC metro	71.8	37.7	26.5	26.1
Rural	4.9	0.2	0.2	†
Number of sepsis cases, median	580	557	737	789
Number of certified beds, median (	375	457	495	535

Source: Authors’ analysis of data provided from the New York Sepsis Initiative. Notes: P-values for all comparisons between racial and ethnic groups were <0.001 with the exception of presence of lymphoma/leukemia/multiple myeloma (P=0.20). All percentages are based on the total N except for the percent of each race, which is based on the total study population of 50,029.

^†Cell suppressed due to small sample size.