Table 1.
Distribution of women by predictors and caesarean section (CS) delivery, and crude odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of having CS delivery in univariable model
| Predictors | N (%) | CS delivery (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4294 (100%) | ||||
| Maternal age | < 0.0001 | |||
| 15–24 years | 923 (21.5) | 6.6 | ref. | |
| 25–34 years | 2026 (47.2) | 11.5 | 2.42 (1.65, 3.55) | |
| 35–49 years | 1345 (31.3) | 14.3 | 3.31 (2.39, 4.59) | |
| Marital status | 0.01 | |||
| Single | 363 (8.5) | 12.1 | ref. | |
| Married | 2801 (65.2) | 11.9 | 1.52 (1.01, 2.28) | |
| Cohabitating | 830 (19.3) | 8.9 | 0.99 (0.62,1.60) | |
| Widow/Separated/Divorced | 300 (7.0) | 12.3 | 1.74 (0.84, 3.63) | |
| Religion | 0.06 | |||
| Traditional/other | 324 (7.6) | 5.6 | ref. | |
| Islam | 885 (20.6) | 9.9 | 1.56 (0.69, 3.49) | |
| Christian | 3085 (71.8) | 12.4 | 1.97 (0.98, 3.96) | |
| Ethnicity* | < 0.0001 | |||
| Northern tribes | 1796 (41.8) | 7.5 | ref. | |
| Akan | 1643 (38.3) | 15.2 | 2.19 (1.62, 2.96) | |
| Ewe | 476 (11.1) | 11.3 | 1.50 (0.99, 2.27) | |
| Ga | 198 (4.6) | 16.2 | 2.93 (1.68, 5.14) | |
| Other | 180 (4.2) | 10.0 | 1.65 (0.85, 3.21) | |
| Parity | < 0.0001 | |||
| 1birth | 935 (21.8) | 16.6 | ref. | |
| 2 births | 839 (19.5) | 12.2 | 0.68 (0.51, 0.91) | |
| ≥ 3 births | 2520 (58.7) | 9.2 | 0.54 (0.41, 0.71) | |
| Education | < 0.0001 | |||
| No education | 1419 (33.0) | 6.1 | ref. | |
| Primary | 869 (20.2) | 8.5 | 1.88 (1.15, 3.07) | |
| Secondary | 1837 (42.8) | 14.8 | 3.10 (2.25, 4.27) | |
| Higher | 169 (4.0) | 33.1 | 8.28 (5.11, 13.41) | |
| Place of residence | < 0.0001 | |||
| Rural | 2516 (58.6) | 7.3 | ref. | |
| Urban | 1778 (41.4) | 17.1 | 2.55 (1.89, 3.43) | |
| Wealth quintile | < 0.0001 | |||
| Poorest | 1318 (30.6) | 5.0 | ref. | |
| Poorer | 923 (21.5) | 7.2 | 1.56 (1.01, 2.41) | |
| Middle | 812 (18.9) | 11.1 | 2.67 (1.82, 3.92) | |
| Richer | 685 (16.0) | 16.5 | 4.21 (2.81, 6.30) | |
| Richest | 556 (13.0) | 27.5 | 8.12 (5.52, 11.94) | |
| Working status | 0.8 | |||
| Unemployed | 886 (20.6) | 11.0 | ref. | |
| Employed | 3408 (79.4) | 11.4 | 1.03 (0.75, 1.43) | |
Abbreviations: N number of observations, % percent, *N = 4293 due to missing values, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, ref. reference