. 2019 Oct 26;18:187. doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1133-1

Table 2.

Effects of unheated EWP, heated EWP, or FLE on the abdominal fat, serum, and hepatic lipid parameters in rats (Trial 2)

	Casein	Unheated EWP	Heated EWP	FLE	Change (%) vs. Casein
	Casein	Unheated EWP	Heated EWP	FLE	Unheated EWP	Heated EWP	FLE
Growth Parameter (g/day)
Body weight gain	6.91 ± 0.10	6.44 ± 0.26	7.17 ± 0.16	6.34 ± 0.28	93.2 ± 3.8	103 ± 2	91.7 ± 4.0
Food intake	16.2 ± 0.2	15.7 ± 0.4	16.3 ± 0.2	15.5 ± 0.5	97.1 ± 2.2	101 ± 1	95.9 ± 3.4
Adipose Tissue Weight (g/100 B.W.)
mesenteric	0.738 ± 0.074^a	0.503 ± 0.036^ab	0.725 ± 0.053^a	0.427 ± 0.057^b	71.1 ± 5.2	97.8 ± 5.7	58.1 ± 5.6
perirenal	1.80 ± 0.04^a	1.07 ± 0.01^b	1.72 ± 0.15^a	0.854 ± 0.100^b	63.7 ± 5.6	89.1 ± 7.8	49.4 ± 4.3
epididymal	1.51 ± 0.05^a	1.03 ± 0.10^b	1.76 ± 0.08^a	1.05 ± 0.08^b	72.5 ± 6.5	109 ± 7.9	69.1 ± 4.0
total	4.06 ± 0.08^a	2.82 ± 0.22^b	4.20 ± 0.21^a	2.33 ± 0.02^b	68.3 ± 5.1	98.3 ± 6.3	58.3 ± 3.6
Serum Parameter
Triglyceride (mg/100 mL)	114 ± 29^a	72.7 ± 7.3^ab	131 ± 23^a	35.4 ± 5.0^b	63.7 ± 6.4	114 ± 20	31.1 ± 4.4
Phospholipid (mg/100 mL)	159 ± 7	184 ± 7	218 ± 17	121 ± 8	115 ± 4.0	137 ± 11	76.3 ± 5.2
Free fatty acid (mEQ/L)	0.816 ± 0.093^a	0.773 ± 0.076^ab	0.782 ± 0.054^ab	0.531 ± 0.036^b	94.6 ± 9.3	95.7 ± 6.5	64.9 ± 4.4
Insulin (ng/mL)	3.13 ± 0.46	2.67 ± 0.51	3.36 ± 0.77	1.72 ± 0.33	85.4 ± 16.2	108 ± 25	54.9 ± 10.6
Leptin (ng/mL)	2.19 ± 0.17^ab	1.64 ± 0.15^a	2.94 ± 0.57^b	1.29 ± 0.18^a	77.2 ± 6.7	134 ± 26	58.7 ± 8.2
Hepatic Lipids (mg/g liver)
Triglyceride	18.2 ± 1.8^a	15.1 ± 1.5^ab	19.4 ± 1.6^a	12.9 ± 1.7^b	83.2 ± 7.0	107 ± 8	71.0 ± 8.1
Phospholipid	27.2 ± 0.7	26.9 ± 0.5	24.8 ± 0.7	27.6 ± 1.0	98.6 ± 1.9	91.0 ± 2.7	100 ± 4

Mean ± SE of 8 rats. ^ab: Different letters show a significant difference at p < 0.05 by Turkey’s test., EWP egg white protein, FLE: lactic fermented egg white