Table 1.
Basic characteristic of subjects in investigated studies
| Sport | Source | Gr | N subjects | Gender | Groups characteristics | Level of competition | Experience [years] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | M | Age [years] | Weight [kg] | Height [m] | ||||||
| E | 17 elite golfers | NR | NR | 24.4 ±2.91 | NR | NR | Irish Prof. Golfers Assoc. | NR | ||
| golf | Campbell et al., 2014 | C1 | amateurs 14 elite | NR | NR | 23.0 ±5.53 | NR | NR | Golfing of Ireland Union | NR |
| ice | Tornese et | C2 E | 14 amateurs 5 figure skaters | NR 3 | NR 2 | 30.78 ±14.34 22.5 | NR NR | NR NR | local golf clubs Italian National Team | NR NR |
| skating karate | al., 2011 Patri 2018 et al., | C E | 23 novices 6 karatekas | 13 NR | 10 NR | 22.7 NR | NR NR | NR NR | none NR | none NR |
| windsu | Ouadahia | E | 3 windsurfers | NR | NR | 14±1 | 60±1 | 1.70 ±0.1 | NR | 2±1 |
| rfing | et al., 2016 | C | 6 students | NR | NR | 23±4 | 60±11 | 1.70 ±0.1 | none | none |
| Gray et | E | 8 baseballers | 0 | 8 | 19–26 | NR | NR | collegiate | 14.2±0.5 | |
| al., 2007 | C | 8 novices | 0 | 8 | 19–26 | NR | NR | none | 5.1±0.6 | |
| baseball | Ranganat | E | 10 baseballers | 0 | 10 | 20.2 ±1.0 | NR | NR | university team | NR |
| han 2007 et al., | C | 10 novices | 0 | 10 | 23.3 ±3.6 | NR | NR | familiar the game with | NR | |
| basket | Covaci, al., 2012 et | E | 5 basketballers | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| ball | Tsai et al., | E | 30 basketballers | 5 | 25 | 18‐32 | NR | NR | NR | <3 to >10 |
| 2017 Brault al., 2015 et | C E | 30 basketballers 11 goalkeepers | 14 NR | 16 NR | 18‐32 26.1 ±4.1 | NR NR | NR NR | NR regional | <3 to >10 16.4±5.4 | |
| Cortese al., 2011 et | E | 13 players soccer | 13 | 0 | 19.3 ±0.9 | 61.3 ±5.6 | 1.68± 0.05 | Division I | NR | |
| E | 11 elite players soccer | NR | NR | 25.1 | NR | NR | Olympique AC Milan, de | NR | ||
| Craig et al., 2006 | C | goalkeepers 9 elite | NR | NR | 25.1 | NR | NR | Marseille, Leverkusen, Bayer | NR | |
| soccer | Craig et | E | 20 elite soccer players (9 goalkeepers) | NR | NR | 25.1 | NR | NR | Schalke 04 as above | NR |
| al., 2009 | C1 | 13 novices | 0 | 13 | 22‐31 | NR | NR | none | none | |
| C2 | 8 novices | 0 | 8 | 24‐39 | NR | NR | none national team | none | ||
| Dessing et al., 2010 | E | 2 goalkeepers | NR | NR | 16 and 30 | NR | NR | U16, Irish Premier League | 5 and 12 | |
| C | 10 novices | NR | NR | 29±4.7 | NR | NR | none | none | ||
| Bideau al., 2004 et | E | 8 goalkeepers | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | French National League | NR | |
| hand ball | Vignais al., 2009 et | E | 10 goalkeepers | 0 | 10 | 23.5 ±4.5 | 85.3 ±12.2 | 1.86 ±0.07 | Division French I | NR |
| ice | Vignais al., 2015 et Tyreman | E E | 10 goalkeepers 9 goaltenders | 0 3 | 10 6 | 24±5.2 28 | 85.9±14.4 NR | 1.84±0.04 NR | Division French I university, | NR NR |
| hokey | et al., 2007 | C | 10 novices | 4 | 6 | 27 | NR | NR | varsity teams none | NR |
| E1 | 14 rugby | NR | NR | 23.4 ±2.3 | NR | NR | European | 13.3± 5.6 | ||
| rugby | Brault et | C1 | players 14 novices | NR | NR | 22.6 ±3.3 | NR | NR | none | none |
| al., 2012 | E2 | 12 players rugby | NR | NR | 23.9 ±2.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| C2 | 12 novices | NR | NR | 22.6 ±2.6 | NR | NR | none | none | ||
E‐ experimental, C‐control, NR‐ non‐reported