. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 26.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Nutr Metab. 2019 Feb 12;74(2):149–155. doi: 10.1159/000497066

Table 1.

Effects of the weight stability and WL interventions on body composition and glucose and lipid profiles

Description	Baseline (n = 96), mean ± SD	Post WL (n = 43)		Post WS (n = 39)
Description	Baseline (n = 96), mean ± SD	mean (95% CI)	percent change	mean (95% CI)	percent change

DXA-acquired body composition
Total fat mass, kg	44.6±7.6	36.68 (34.29–39.07)^λ	−17.8	44.59 (42.14–47.03)	−0.0^**
Android fat mass, g	4,693±1,184	3,724 (3,568–3,880)^λ	−20.7	4,587 (4,428–4,745)	−2.3^**
Gynoid fat mass, g	6,766±1,473	5,577 (5,410–5,744)^λ	−17.6	6,612 (6,443–6,781)	−2.3^**
Android/gynoid fat mass	0.710±0.183	0.684 (0.670–0.699)^λ	−3.5	0.713 (0.698–0.729)	0.5^**
Visceral abdominal fat mass, g	2,373±1,185	1,895 (1,745–2,045)^λ	−20.1	2,324 (2,170–2,478)	−2.1^**
Subcutaneous abdominal fat mass, g	2,320±813	1,829 (1,728–1,930)^λ	−21.2	2,268 (2,165–2,370)	−2.3^**
Visceral/subcutaneous abdominal fat mass	1.33±1.28	1.98 (0.95–3.01)	48.5	1.38 (0.33–2.44)	3.6
Cardiometabolic biomarkers
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	106.5±16.2	102.77 (98.87–106.68)^λ	−3.5	108.56 (104.47–112.64)	1.9^*
Fasting insulin, uUI/mL	22.3±12.8	14.93 (12.30–17.55)^λ	−33.2	23.55 (20.78–26.32)	5.4^**
HOMA-IR	6.06±3.95	3.90 (3.06–4.75)^λ	−35.6	6.41 (5.53–7.30)	5.9^**
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	109.6±34.1	105.22 (97.76–112.68)	−4.0	107.11 (99.32–114.90)	−2.3
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	51.2±15.2	53.88 (50.97–56.79)	5.3	47.60 (44.52–50.68)^λ	−7.0^**
Triglycerides, mg/dL	135.7±64.0	105.79 (92.31–119.27)^λ	−22.1	136.77 (122.72–150.82)	0.8^**

Outcomes adjusted for gender and baseline value of the outcome, except for DXA, which also was adjusted for time. Within group changes denoted with (^λ p < 0.05); between group intervention changes denoted with (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01). WL, weight loss; WS, weight stable; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance.