Table 4.

Initiation, Engagement, and Retention in SUD Treatment for first index SUD episode, 2000–2015.

	Total Sample (n=57428)	HIV-infected (n=18898)	HIV-uninfected (n=38530)	P-value
Initiation
Initiated treatment after index episode, any setting	9223 (16.1)	3208 (17.0)	6015 (15.6)	<.001
Initiated treatment after index episode, outpatient SUD setting	6617 (11.5)	2364 (12.5)	4253 (11.0)	<.001
Initiated treatment after index episode, outpatient or inpatient/residential SUD setting	6768 (11.8)	2416 (12.8)	4352 (11.3)	<.001
Initiated pharmacotherapy within 14 days after index episode*	792 (2.7) (n=29694)	276 (3.0) (n=9221)	516 (2.5) (n=20473)	0.019
Engagement
Engaged in treatment after index episode, any setting	6053 (10.5)	2177 (11.5)	3876 (10.1)	<.001
Engaged in treatment after index episode, outpatient SUD setting	5847 (10.2)	2101 (11.1)	3746 (9.7)	<.001
Engaged in treatment after index episode, outpatient or inpatient/residential SUD setting	8413 (14.7)	3028 (16.0)	5385 (14.0)	<.001
Engaged pharmacotherapy within 30 days of index episode*	1057 (3.6) (n=29694)	368 (4.0) (n=9221)	689 (3.4) (n=20473)	0.007
Retention
Retained in treatment after index episode, any setting
3 months	9209 (16.0)	3177 (16.8)	6032 (15.7)	<.001
6 months	7591 (13.2)	2600 (13.8)	4991 (13.0)	0.007
1 year	5502 (9.6)	1868 (9.9)	3634 (9.4)	0.083
Retained in treatment after index episode, outpatient or inpatient/residential SUD-specific settings
3 months	7591 (13.2)	2660 (14.1)	4931(12.8)	<.001
6 months	6371 (11.1)	2222 (11.8)	4149 (10.8)	<.001
1 year	4488 (7.8)	1539 (8.1)	2949 (7.7)	0.040

Note. Data cell values are n(%)

P-values reflect comparison among HIV-infected and uninfected columns

^*The denominators for the pharmacotherapy initiation and engagement variables are restricted to patients with alcohol and opioid use disorders.