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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 4.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2019 Mar 27;21:443–468. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-060418-052139

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Constituents of the nucleus and nuclear envelope involved in mechanotransduction. The LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex—nesprins at the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) and SUN-domain proteins at the inner nuclear membrane (INM)—spans the nuclear envelope, interacting with cytoskeletal filaments and associated proteins and the nuclear lamina to enable force transmission between the cytoskeleton and nuclear interior. Nuclear lamins (A/C and B1/2) form independent yet interacting meshworks underneath the INM and are responsible for maintaining nuclear shape and stiffness. Both A- and B-type lamins interact with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), chromatin, and various other binding partners at the nuclear envelope and the nuclear interior. NPCs enable molecular transport between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.