Fig. 3.

Comparison of the functional composition of modern and fossil large herbivore communities. (A) The first 2 axes of a PCA of richness-corrected functional trait residuals for modern and fossil communities; the light gray hull encloses the modern range of community variation, and the dark gray hull encloses the fossil range of variation. (B) PC1 and PC2 loadings for all functional traits. (C) Stacked barplot of the number of non-analog versus analog fossil herbivore communities grouped by their geological epoch. Fossil communities are considered non-analog if the residual for any given trait falls outside the modern range of variation (Fig. 2).