Figure 6. Genetic effects of Cd accumulation in leaves were determined by significant SNPs or InDels in ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3.
The number represents the number of inbred lines homozygous for a determined allelic variant. Δm, the difference in mean leaf Cd concentration between minor alleles and major alleles over two years and two replications. Differences between the alleles were analyzed by mixed linear model (MLM, Phenotype SNP + Structure + Kinship). R2 values from MLM of the data show the percentage the effect of the allele. (A) Allelic variations of InDel S1174 (3/0) in ZmHMA2 associated with leaf Cd concentration under low Cd condition at seeding stage. (B) Allelic variations of S917 (G/C) in ZmHMA3 associated with leaf Cd concentration under high Cd condition at seeding stage. (C) Multi-allelic variations of S3114 (G/C), S3297 (T/C), InDel S3517 (9/0) in ZmHMA3 associated with leaf Cd concentration in the field.