. 2019 Oct 23;7:e7877. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7877

Table 3. Associations between the natural variations within ZmHMA2 and ZmHMA3 genes and leaf Cd concentration under various Cd conditions by using kinship (K) and a population structure controlled model.

Gene	Trait	Site	Allele^a	MAF	P(×10⁻³)	R² (%)	Amino acid variations
ZmHMA2	LCd15-Low	1,174	3/0	0.24	7.96	7.57
ZmHMA2	LCd16-Low	1,174	3/0	0.24	8.99	8.15
ZmHMA3	LCd16-Field	720	C/A	0.21	6.60	8.35
	LCd15-Middle	720	C/A	0.21	8.47	7.66
	LCd16-Middle	917	C/G	0.18	2.09	10.47	ALA (A)/GLY (G)
	LCd16-Field	921	C/G	0.21	6.60	8.35
	LCd15-Middle	921	C/G	0.21	8.47	7.66
	LCd15-Low	942	C/G	0.47	3.32	10.64
	LCd16-Field	944	C/G	0.27	2.48	10.47	ALA (A)/GLY (G)
	LCd15-Low	951	A/C	0.46	3.32	10.64
	LCd16-Middle	957	G/A	0.17	2.85	9.81
	LCd15-Low	1,467	C/T	0.70	5.48	9.46
	LCd15-Low	1,522	T/A	0.32	4.04	10.17
	LCd15-Low	1,526	2/0	0.69	4.04	10.17
	LCd16-Field	2,540	T/A	0.09	0.48	14.17	SER (S)/THR (T)
	LCd16-Field	2,809	C/G	0.12	0.99	12.52
	LCd15-Field	3,097	G/A	0.09	5.44	8.33
	LCd16-Field	3,097	G/A	0.09	0.21	16.15
	LCd15-Field	3,114	G/C	0.09	5.44	8.33	GLY (G)/ALA (A)
	LCd16-Field	3,114	G/C	0.09	0.21	16.15	GLY (G)/ALA (A)
	LCd15-Field	3,297	T/C	0.09	5.44	8.33	VLA (V)/ALA (A)
	LCd16-Field	3,297	T/C	0.09	0.21	16.15	VLA (V)/ALA (A)
	LCd15-Field	3,517	9/0	0.09	5.44	8.33	VLA (V)/Pro (P)/Stop
	LCd16-Field	3,517	9/0	0.09	0.21	16.15	VLA (V)/Pro (P)/Stop
	LCd15-Field	3,594	6/0	0.09	5.44	8.33	ALA (A)/Leu (L)
	LCd16-Field	3,594	6/0	0.09	0.21	16.15	ALA (A)/Leu (L)
	LCd15-Field	3,692	C/A	0.09	4.97	8.76
	LCd16-Field	3,692	C/A	0.09	0.21	16.28
	LCd15-Field	3,695	0/9	0.09	5.44	8.33
	LCd16-Field	3,695	0/9	0.09	0.21	16.15
	LCd15-Field	3792	0/2	0.09	5.44	8.33
	LCd16-Field	3792	0/2	0.09	0.21	16.15

Notes.

The letters indicate nucleotide polymorphisms and the numbers indicate the inserted or deleted nucleotides. Under lined letters and numbers represent the minor alleles. MAF represent minor allele frequency. R² represent explained phenotype variation.