Table 3:

Household food insecurity timing and maternal infant feeding styles at 10 months old

Feeding Styles Subscales	Food Insecurity Timing	Scores	Model 1a		Model 2b		Model 3c
		Mean Scores (SD)	B (SE)	p-value	B (SE)	p-value	B (SE)	p-value
Responsive – attentiond	Never	3.95 (.86)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	4.00 (.93)	.07 (.11)	.55	.07 (.11)	.53	.10 (.12)	.41
	Infancy only	3.71 (.75)	−.24 (.17)	.15	−.24 (.17)	.16	−.23 (.17)	.18
	Both	4.03 (.87)	.07 (.14)	.60	.04 (.14)	.79	.09 (.15)	.54
Responsive – satietye	Never	4.45 (.51)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	4.53 (.45)	.09 (.06)	.16	.10 (.07)	.11	.07 (.07)	.27
	Infancy only	4.47 (.44)	.02 (.10)	.81	.03 (.10)	.80	.02 (.10)	.83
	Both	4.40 (.52)	−.06 (.08)	.42	−.04 (.08)	.60	−.08 (.09)	.38
Pressuring to finishe	Never	2.63 (.88)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	2.60 (.80)	−.03 (.11)	.80	−.03 (.11)	.76	−.01 (.12)	.95
	Infancy only	2.71 (.93)	.07 (.17)	.66	.07 (.17)	.66	.08 (.17)	.65
	Both	2.83 (.80)	.18 (.14)	.19	.12 (.14)	.39	.18 (.15)	.22
Pressuring with cereald	Never	2.03 (.93)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	2.29 (1.00)	.26 (.12)	.04*	.20 (.12)	.10	.19 (.13)	.13
	Infancy only	2.21 (1.06)	.18 (.19)	.33	.16 (.18)	.38	.16 (.18)	.37
	Both	2.32 (.91)	.28 (.15)	.06	.24 (.15)	.11	.24 (.16)	.13
Pressuring – soothinge	Never	2.40 (1.12)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	2.76 (1.20)	.34 (.15)	.02*	.23 (.15)	.12	.23 (.15)	.13
	Infancy only	2.77 (1.40)	.36 (.23)	.11	.17 (.22)	.45	.17 (.22)	.44
	Both	3.07 (1.13)	.68 (.18)	<.001*	.49 (.18)	.01*	.60 (.19)	.002*
Restrictive – amount consumede	Never	3.88 (1.06)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	3.90 (1.04)	.02 (.14)	.87	.002 (.14)	.99	.02 (.14)	.89
	Infancy only	4.05 (.97)	.16 (.20)	.42	.11 (.21)	.58	.12 (.21)	.58
	Both	3.88 (1.12)	−.01 (.17)	.96	−.03 (.17)	.87	−.02 (.18)	.93
Restrictive – diet qualityd	None	4.20 (.68)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	4.21 (.58)	−.003 (.08)	.97	.003 (.09)	.97	−.03 (.09)	.71
	Infancy only	4.18 (.63)	−.02 (.13)	.88	−.002 (.13)	.99	−.01 (.13)	.91
	Both	4.06 (.69)	−.11 (.10)	.27	−.10 (.11)	.34	−.13 (.12)	.27
Indulgent – permissivee	Never	1.34 (.45)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.39 (.47)	.06 (.06)	.30	.07 (.06)	.27	.06 (.06)	.36
	Infancy only	1.49 (.57)	.15 (.09)	.10	.17 (.09)	.06	.18 (.09)	.05
	Both	1.57 (.49)	.23 (.07)	.002*	.23 (.08)	.003*	.20 (.08)	.02*
Indulgent – coaxinge	Never	1.12 (.30)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.15 (.32)	.03 (.04)	.42	.03 (.04)	.53	.04 (.04)	.38
	Infancy only	1.21 (.35)	.09 (.06)	.14	.09 (.06)	.14	.10 (.06)	.12
	Both	1.27 (.35)	.14 (.05)	.01*	.13 (.05)	.01*	.14 (.05)	.01*
Indulgent – soothinge	Never	1.13 (.31)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.16 (.34)	.04 (.04)	.36	.03 (.04)	.48	.04 (.04)	.40
	Infancy only	1.15 (.27)	.02 (.06)	.80	.01 (.06)	.86	.02 (.06)	.81
	Both	1.24 (.33)	.09 (.05)	.06	.08 (.05)	.12	.08 (.05)	.12
Indulgent – pamperinge	Never	1.13 (.32)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.16 (.31)	.03 (.04)	.41	.03 (.04)	.54	.03 (.04)	.47
	Infancy only	1.18 (.32)	.05 (.06)	.47	.04 (.06)	.49	.05 (.06)	.47
	Both	1.32 (.34)	.18 (.05)	<.001*	.16 (.05)	.002*	.16 (.06)	.004*
Laissez-faire – attentione	Never	1.48 (.55)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.61 (.71)	.14 (.08)	.09	.10 (.08)	.23	.09 (.08)	.28
	Infancy only	1.66 (.78)	.18 (.12)	.15	.16 (.12)	.18	.17 (.12)	.16
	Both	1.89 (.77)	.38 (.10)	<.001*	.32 (.10)	.002*	.29 (.11)	.01*
Laissez-faire – diet qualityd	Never	1.69 (.59)	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Prenatal only	1.73 (.71)	.05 (.08)	.55	.02 (.08)	.83	.04 (.09)	.65
	Infancy only	1.86 (.64)	.17 (.12)	.16	.17 (.12)	.17	.18 (.12)	.15
	Both	1.81 (.68)	.10 (.10)	.29	.08 (.10)	.44	.13 (.11)	.25

^aModel 1: Unadjusted.

^bModel 2: Adjusting for covariates including country of birth (US born, non-US born), educational attainment (less than high school, high school graduate), marital status (married/living as married, single/divorced/widowed), having other children (no, yes), working (no, yes), prenatal depressive symptoms (no, yes), and pre-pregnancy overweight/obese (no, yes) and intervention group status.

^cModel 3: Adjusting for covariates from Model 2 and other material hardships (difficulty paying bills, housing disrepair and neighborhood stress).

^dModel included sample size of n=406.

^eModel included sample size of n=407.

^*Significant p<.05