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The shortcoming of root mean square (RMS) wavefront error (WFE) is that it does not capture the visual interaction of aberrations. (a) Spherical aberration alone, RMS = 0.200 μm. (b) Defocus alone, RMS = 0.451 μm. (c) Spherical aberration + defocus, RMS = 0.493 μm. Note that with the addition of these aberrations, RMS WFE increases (worsens), while image quality actually improves.
