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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 18;171(2):81–90. doi: 10.7326/M18-2864

Appendix Table 1.

Types

Opioids
 Alfentanil
 Butorphanol
 Codeine
 Dihydrocodeine
 Fentanyl
 Hydrocodone
 Hydromorphone
 Levorphanol
 Meperidine
 Methadone
 Morphine
 Nalbuphine
 Oxycodone
 Oxymorphone
 Pentazocine
 Remifentanil
 Sufentanil
 Tapentadol
 Tramadol
Nonopioid analgesics
 Celecoxib
 Ibuprofen
 Naproxen
 Ketorolac
 Acetaminophen