Fig. 1.

Proposed framework for the sequential steps in the incorporation of repeated measurements in multivariable prediction. This Figure shows the proposed framework in which approaches and steps to incorporate repeated measurements in prediction research are shown. The framework consists of three domains: the observation window used to make predictions (static or dynamic), the processing of the raw data (raw data modelling, user-defined or data-driven, feature extraction and feature reduction) and explicit or implicit modeling using fixed or time-varying covariates