Table 1.
Characteristics of cases and controls
| All | Cases | Controls | p | Test statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 308 | 154 | 154 | – | – |
| Male | 202 (65.6) | 101 (65.6) | 101 (65.6) | – | – |
| Mean age, years | 47.1 (17.0) | 47.1 (17.2) | 47.1 (16.8) | 0.968 | −0.040 |
| Housing | 0.714 | 0.673 | |||
| Owned accommodation | 130 (42.2) | 67 (43.5) | 63 (40.9) | ||
| Rented | 166 (53.9) | 80 (51.9) | 86 (55.8) | ||
| Living with friends (n = 4) or lack of housing information (n = 8) | 12 (3.9) | 7 (4.5) | 5 (3.2) | ||
| Education level | 0.130 | 4.085 | |||
| Low | 103 (33.4) | 43 (27.9) | 60 (39.0) | ||
| Medium | 146 (47.4) | 79 (51.3) | 67 (43.5) | ||
| High | 54 (17.5) | 29 (18.8) | 25 (16.2) | ||
| Employed | 95 (31.0) | 49 (32.0) | 46 (30.1) | 0.711 | 0.137 |
| Previous suicide attempt | 44 (14.3) | 30 (19.5) | 14 (9.1) | 0.009 | 6.788 |
| Previous inpatient psychiatric care | 155 (50.3) | 80 (51.9) | 75 (48.7) | 0.569 | 0.325 |
| Previous inpatient somatic care | 80 (26.0) | 50 (32.5) | 30 (19.5) | 0.009 | 6.754 |
| Diagnosis | 1.000 | 0.047 | |||
| Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10–19) | 66 (21.4) | 33 (21.4) | 33 (21.4) | ||
| Schizophrenia, schizotypal, delusional, and other non-mood psychotic disorders (F20–29) | 28 (9.1) | 14 (9.1) | 14 (9.1) | ||
| Bipolar disorder (F31) | 14 (4.5) | 7 (4.5) | 7 (4.5) | ||
| Depressive disorders (F32–34.1) | 103 (33.4) | 51 (33.1) | 52 (33.8) | ||
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, somatoform, and other non-psychotic mental disorders (F40–48) | 42 (13.6) | 21 (13.6) | 21 (13.6) | ||
| Disorders of adult personality and behavior (F60–69) | 22 (7.1) | 11 (7.1) | 11 (7.1) | ||
| Asperger’s/ADHD (F84, F90) | 6 (3.9) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (1.9) | ||
| No psychiatric diagnosis | 27 (8.8) | 14 (9.1) | 13 (8.4) | ||
| Comorbid substance use disorder (F10–19) | 29 (9.4) | 15 (9.7) | 14 (9.1) | 0.845 | 0.038 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean (standard deviation). P values were obtained from a chi-square test (df = 1 [education level, df = 2; diagnosis, df = 7]) for categorical variables or an independent samples t-test for continuous variables, comparing cases and controls. Diagnoses were F01–99 (mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders) in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision classifications (ICD-10)
No psychiatric diagnosis: patients encountering psychiatric care without receiving any main psychiatric diagnosis
Number of patients with missing data: educational level, n = 5; employment, n = 2; housing, n = 8
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder