Table 1.
Comparison of demographic characteristics and SATAQ-4 subscales across and within countries
| Variable | United States (n = 1913) | Italy (n = 159) | England (n = 110) | Australia (n = 93) | F | p | Partial, η2 | Cross-country pairwise comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-country ANOVA results | ||||||||
| Age | 19.59 (1.99) | 23.39 (2.47) | 21.81 (2.73) | 22.68 (3.19) | F(3, 2246) = 229.59 | < 0.001 | 0.24 | I, A > E > US |
| BMI | 22.95 (4.48) | 20.85 (3.02) | 22.28 (3.90) | 23.01 (3.87) | F(3, 2250) = 11.79 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | A, US, E > I |
| Cross-country ANCOVA results | ||||||||
| Internalization: thin/low body fat | 3.42 (0.91) | 2.69 (1.07) | 2.92 (1.03) | 3.24 (1.10) | F(3, 2224) = 25.54 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | US > E, I; A > I |
| Internalization: muscular/athletic | 2.70 (0.96) | 2.22 (0.81) | 2.42 (0.85) | 2.49 (0.94) | F(3, 2225) = 12.72 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | US > E, I |
| Pressures: family | 2.50 (1.16) | 2.02 (1.01) | 2.04 (0.96) | 2.10 (1.03) | F(3, 2213) = 4.65 | 0.003 | 0.01 | US > EB |
| Pressures: peer | 2.89 (1.13) | 1.75 (0.89) | 1.97 (0.88) | 2.08 (1.03) | F(3, 2223) = 88.48 | < 0.001 | 0.11 | US > A, E, I |
| Pressures: media | 3.75 (1.16) | 3.22 (1.36) | 3.44 (1.07) | 3.73 (1.03) | F(3, 2221) = 5.35 | 0.001 | 0.01 | US > I |
| Within-country comparisons | TI > MI MP > PP > FP | TI > MI MP > PP > FP | TI > MI MP > FP, PP | TI > MI MP > FP, PP | ||||
All pairwise comparisons listed were significant at least at p < .05. Inferential statistics included age and BMI as covariates, but descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) are reported as unadjusted for the covariates, so that they may be compared to other studies
US United States, I Italy, E England, A Australia, TI thin-ideal internalization, MI muscular-ideal internalization, MP media pressures, PP peer pressures, FP family pressures