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Preoperative and postoperative imaging examinations. (a, b) Preoperative MRI revealed L5/S1 disc herniations with nucleus pulposus highly downward migrated to S1 intervertebral space. (c, d) Postoperative MRI examination revealed clean removal of the nucleus pulposus. (e, f) Preoperative MRI revealed L4/5 disc herniations with nucleus pulposus highly upward migrated to L4 vertebral posterior. (g, h) Postoperative MRI examination revealed clean removal of the nucleus pulposus.
