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. 2019 Oct 15;2019:5198138. doi: 10.1155/2019/5198138

Figure 3.

Figure 3

ATT activates Nrf2 signaling pathway by modifying Keap1 at C151. (a) COS-1 cells were cotransfected with ARE-luciferase, Renilla luciferase, WT or mutant Keap1, and Nrf2 expression plasmids and treated with 7 μM ATT after 48 hours. Relative firefly luciferase activity in cell expressing WT and mutant Keap1 was calculated and normalized against that of Renilla. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of three experiments. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared to WT Keap1 and DMSO, respectively; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 compared to Keap1-C151S and DMSO, respectively. (b) Immunoblots showing Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in the above cells and the quantification of Nrf2 (c) and HO-1 (d). All values are represented as mean ± SD of three experiments. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared to untreated and tBHQ, respectively; #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 compared to WT and ATT, respectively.