. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Evol Dev. 2019 Aug 2;21(5):231–246. doi: 10.1111/ede.12299

TABLE 1.

ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD results for comparisons of kinematic variables among treatment groups for each developmental stage sampled

	Premetamorphic		Midmetamorphic	Postmetamorphic
	8 dpf	15 dpf	30 dpf	65 dpf	100 dpf
Gape angle	AB > DMSO	AB > TH⁻	TH^{+ >} DMSO	AB > TH⁻	AB > DMSO
	AB > TH⁻	AB > TH⁺	TH^{+ >} TH⁻	DMSO > TH⁻	AB > TH⁻
	AB > TH⁺				DMSO > TH⁻ TH⁺ > AB
Hyoid depression	AB > TH⁻	AB > TH⁻	AB > DMSO		DMSO > AB
	AB > TH⁺		AB > TH⁻	ANOVA	DMSO > TH⁺
	DMSO > TH⁻		TH⁺ > DMSO	not sig.	TH⁻ > TH⁺
	DMSO > TH⁺		TH⁺ > TH⁻
Cranial elevation	DMSO > TH⁺		TH⁺ > TH⁻	AB > DMSO
		ANOVA		AB > TH⁻	ANOVA
		not sig.		TH⁺ > DMSO	not sig.
				TH⁺ > TH⁻
Jaw protrusion				AB > TH⁻	AB > TH⁻
	NA	NA	NA	DMSO > TH⁻	DMSO > TH⁻
				TH⁺ > TH⁻	TH⁺ > TH⁻

Note: Significant Tukey’s HSD post-hoc comparisons are listed if the ANOVA results were significant (α = .05). Bold/shaded comparisons had p < .001. The treatment with the higher maximum value is indicated for each comparison.

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; dpf, days postfertilization; HSD, honestly significant difference; TH, thyroid hormone.