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. 2019 Oct 23;13:1809–1815. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S216088

Table 3.

Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Concerns About Antihypertensive Use As A Dementia Prevention Strategy (Values Reported: Odds Ratios; N=1661)

Concernsd
Independent Variablese a b c d e f g h
Side Effects Hassle Expense Inability To Remember Lack Of evidence Not Wanting To Use Med Normal Or Low Blood Pressure No Concern
Sexf – – – – – – – –
 Male Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Female 0.93 0.66 1.10 0.69 0.75a 0.53a 1.77b 1.01
 p-valueg 0.68 0.06 0.51 0.24 0.05 0.02 0.001 0.97
Age (year)h – – – – – – – –
 ≤50 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 51–60 0.75 0.59a 0.65a 0.38a 0.94 0.77 1.19 1.24
 61–70 0.58a 0.41b 0.38c 0.45a 0.93 0.80 1.15 2.04a
 71–80 0.51b 0.32b 0.16c 0.54 1.02 0.82 1.53 1.85
 ≥81 0.29b Omittedi 0.13c 0.50 0.94 0.58 0.67 3.55b
 p-valueg 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 0.11 0.98 0.92 0.36 0.06
Race – – – – – – – –
 White Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Black 0.62 0.76 1.55 Omittedi 1.54 Omittedi 0.87 1.39
 Asian 0.50 2.65a 0.86 3.57a 0.94 2.87a 2.48 0.38
 Other 1.19 1.53 1.38 1.15 1.02 1.20 1.14 0.63
 p-valueg 0.34 0.11 0.62 0.06 0.93 0.11 0.41 0.64
Ethnicity – – – – – – – –
 Non-hispanic Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Hispanic 1.39 0.94 1.16 0.42 1.18 2.14 0.46 1.27
 p-valueg 0.47 0.90 0.72 0.43 0.66 0.17 0.05 0.67
Education – – – – – – – –
 ≤High school graduate Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Some college 1.12 0.76 1.44 1.13 1.15 0.71 0.67 0.88
 College graduate 1.48 0.88 1.19 1.00 1.34 1.15 0.99 0.51
 Some post-graduate 1.69 1.27 1.57 1.03 1.25 2.04 0.99 0.79
 Post graduate degree 1.77 1.09 1.22 0.81 1.43 1.10 0.96 0.56
 p-valueg 0.09 0.55 0.46 0.90 0.57 0.11 0.26 0.13
Income ($) – – – – – – – –
 <35,000 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 35,000–49,999 0.78 0.57 0.98 0.54 1.07 0.63 1.80a 1.31
 50,000–74,999 0.75 0.67 0.67 0.60 0.86 0.52 1.14 1.40
 75,000–99,999 0.89 0.80 0.47b 0.37a 1.09 0.57 1.37 1.10
 ≥100,000 0.50b 0.62 0.34c 0.28b 0.81 0.38a 1.54 2.04a
 p-valueg 0.01 0.50 <0.001 0.02 0.33 0.16 0.17 0.10

Notes: ap<0.05, bp<0.01, cp<0.001; d(a) Side effects from the medication, (b) Hassle to take medication every day, (c) Expense/cost of the medication, (d) Inability to remember to take medication when I should, (e) Lack of evidence showing that this will reduce my risk, (f) Do not want to use a medication, (g) My blood pressure is already normal or low, and (h) I have no concerns; eCurrent use of antihypertensives was included in each model as an independent variable; fThose who identified themselves as non-binary were omitted due to a very small sample size; gp-value from Wald test, adjusted for all other covariates; hAge categories below 40 and 41–50 were combined; iDummy variables were omitted due to a perfect correlation with the outcome variable.