Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Parameters | AP (n = 21) | No AP (n = 198) | P value |
| Age (yr), mean ± SD | 55.6 ± 16.4 | 61.2 ± 10.5 | 0.137 |
| Male, n (%) | 13 (61.9) | 128 (64.6) | 0.803 |
| Cause of acute pancreatitis n (%) | |||
| ERCP | 5 (23.8) | ||
| Alcoholic | 9 (42.9) | ||
| Unknown | 8 (33.3) | ||
| Time to surgery (d), mean ± SD | 41.4 ± 10.7 | 10.8 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 |
| Tumor site, (head) n (%) | 14 (66.7) | 149 (75.3) | 0.391 |
| Positive lymph nodes, n (%) | 9 (42.9) | 82 (41.4) | 0.898 |
| TNM Stage, n (%) | 1.000 | ||
| I | 2 (9.5) | 18 (9.1) | |
| II | 19 (90.5) | 180 (90.9) | |
| Surgical margin (R1), n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 13 (6.6) | 0.955 |
| Perineural invasion, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 65 (32.8) | 0.399 |
| Vascular invasion, n (%) | 2 (9.5) | 20 (10.1) | 1.000 |
| Differentiation, n (%) | 0.283 | ||
| Well | 0 (0.0) | 12 (6.1) | |
| Moderate | 16 (76.2) | 145 (73.2) | |
| Poor | 5 (23.8) | 41 (20.7) | |
| Medical complications n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 59 (29.8) | 0.737 |
| Pancreatic fstula n (%) | |||
| biochemical leak | 3 (14.3) | 10 (5.1) | 0.223 |
| Grade B/C | 3 (14.3) | 9 (4.5) | 0.174 |
| Grade B | 2 (9.5) | 7 (3.5) | 0.461 |
| Grade C | 1 (4.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0.675 |
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy, n (%) | 7 (33.3) | 49 (24.7) | 0.391 |
| Early recurrence, n (%) | 15/21 (71.4) | 68/165 (41.2) | 0.009 |
| DFS, median (95%CI) | 8.4 (6.7-10.1) | 14.6 (10.7-18.5) | 0.007 |
| OS, median (95%CI) | 14.9 (12.5-17.3) | 22.3 (17.9-26.7) | < 0.001 |
TNM: Tumor node metastasis; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; AP: Acute pancreatitis; SD: Standard deviation; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.