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Reagents and conditions: (i) LDA, THF, −78 °C to rt, (ii) SO2Cl2, CHCl3, 0 °C to rt, (iii) EtOH, reflux, (iv) Oxone, MeOH:H2O, rt, (v) NaH, THF, rt or iPrOH, catalytic HCl/dioxane, 120 °C or DMSO, 100 °C (depending on amine’s basicity), (vi) Pd2(dba)3, XantPhos, t-BuOK, toluene, reflux, (vii) LiOH·H2O, THF:EtOH:H2O, reflux.
