Table 1.
Vital signs and ABPM in the HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups
| Characteristic | HFpEF (n = 130) | HFmrEF (n = 71) | HFrEF (n = 124) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 156.9 ± 39.9 | 153.0 ± 30.7 | 141.1 ± 34.0 | 0.0032 |
| DBP, mmHg | 85.1 ± 26.8 | 90.1 ± 21.2 | 87.2 ± 26.6 | 0.2614 |
| Pulse rate, b.p.m. | 96.2 ± 29.0 | 104.9 ± 26.9 | 105.7 ± 25.5 | 0.0034 |
| Vital signs at discharge | ||||
| SBP, mmHg | 116.7 ± 18.1 | 112.8 ± 17.0 | 105.1 ± 13.6 | <0.0001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 62.2 ± 10.1 | 61.2 ± 9.5 | 62.2 ± 10.5 | 0.7801 |
| Pulse rate, b.p.m. | 70.9 ± 12.0 | 68.8 ± 10.7 | 71.6 ± 10.8 | 0.2144 |
| ABPM | ||||
| The average SBP, mmHg | ||||
| 24 h (0:00–24:00) | 118.1 ± 18.1 | 111.5 ± 16.3 | 101.9 ± 14.1 | <0.0001 |
| Awake (7:00–20:30) | 118.8 ± 17.7 | 112.0 ± 16.7 | 102.6 ± 14.1 | <0.0001 |
| Sleep‐time (22:00–5:00) | 115.6 ± 21.4 | 109.6 ± 16.9 | 99.8 ± 16.5 | <0.0001 |
| The average pulse rate, b.p.m. | ||||
| 24 h (0:00–24:00) | 69.0 ± 8.9 | 70.5 ± 10.3 | 70.7 ± 8.3 | 0.2951 |
| Awake (7:00–20:30) | 69.9 ± 8.9 | 71.6 ± 9.9 | 72.0 ± 8.8 | 0.2203 |
| Sleep‐time (22:00–5:00) | 66.5 ± 12.4 | 68.3 ± 14.3 | 66.8 ± 10.3 | 0.8533 |
| Pattern of circadian rhythm, % | ||||
| Riser pattern | 21.5 | 18.3 | 14.5 | 0.3451 |
| Non‐dipper pattern | 40.0 | 43.7 | 52.4 | 0.1301 |
| Dipper pattern | 38.5 | 38.0 | 33.1 | 0.6310 |
| Nocturnal hypertension, % | 43.1 | 33.8 | 26.6 | 0.0217 |
ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure.