Fig. 2.

ALT-SR model displaying within-person cross lagged effects for our overall model (no developmental split). Significant parameter estimates (Standard Error) are only shown. Full parameter estimates can be found in Table 2. Note: Bold line indicates significant path, dashed line represents non-significant path. Alc = Frequency of alcohol use, Exp = Exposure to AOD content, Nms = Descriptive norms. Each time point represents a year lag (e.g. Alc12 to Exp13 represents alcohol use at age 12 to substance related media exposure at age 13). In this model, we constrained cross-lagged effects to be equal across both developmental periods