Table 2. Summary of Model Fit and Variance Explained in External Variables for Dimensional, Categorical, and Hybrid Candidate Models of Interpersonal Problems Across Samples.

Sample	κ	Factors	Classes	Statistical model	AICC	BIC	Median R2
								Range of ΔR2
								General distress	Agency	Communion	Class membership
Note. Most favorable values are highlighted in bold print. κ = number of free parameters; AICC = corrected Akaike’s information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; Median R2 = average explained variance in external variables by sample; Range of ΔR2 = range of unique variance explained in external variables by sample; CFA-PC = confirmatory factor analysis (perfect circumplex); CFA-QC = confirmatory factor analysis (quasi circumplex); Skew-t-CFA = confirmatory factor analysis with non-normal latent skewed t-distribution; SP-FA = semiparametric factor analysis. LCA = Latent class analysis; VLMR = Vuong-Lo-Mendel-Rubin Test; BLRT = Bootstrapped Likelihood-Ratio Test.
a Optimal number of classes by AICC. b Optimal number of classes by BIC. c Optimal number of classes by VLMR. d Optimal number of classes by BLRT.
Sample 1 (N = 5,400)	20	3		CFA-PC	111,545	111,413	.32	.10–.40	.00–.08	.00–.02
	23	3		CFA-QC	111,496	111,344	.32	.10–.40	.00–.08	.00–.02
	24	3		Skew-t-CFA	110,337	110,495	.32	.10–.40	.00–.08	.00–.02
	36	3	5	SP-FAa,b	110,438	110,674	.32	.04–.14	.00–.04	.00–.01	.00–.00
	52		5	LCAc	118,573	118,915	.27				.09–.40
	88		9	LCAa,b,d	114,771	115,348	.28				.09–.42
Sample 2 (N = 491)	20	3		CFA-PC	12,545	12,463	.46	.12–.49	.00–.10	.00–.11
	23	3		CFA-QC	12,547	12,453	.46	.12–.49	.00–.10	.00–.11
	21	3		t-CFA	12,418	12,505	.46	.12–.50	.00–.10	.00–.11
	32	3	4	SP-FAa,b	12,305	12,435	.45	.02–.12	.00–.02	.00–.07	.00–.01
	34		3	LCAc	12,910	13,047	.33				.03–.45
	79		8	LCAa,b,d	12,361	12,662	.39				.12–.51
Sample 3 (N = 656)	20	3		CFA-PC	13,622	13,710	.13	.01–.18	.00–.09	.00–.06
	23	3		CFA-QC	13,719	13,617	.13	.01–.18	.00–.09	.00–.06
	21	3		t-CFA	13,525	13,617	.13	.01–.18	.00–.09	.00–.06
	24	3	2	SP-FAa,b	13,575	13,681	.13	.01–.13	.00–.06	.00–.06	.00–.00
	34		3	LCAc	15,024	15,173	.07				.00–.12
	61		6	LCAa,b,d	14,446	14,707	.07				.00–.15
Sample 4 (N = 712)	20	3		CFA-PC	30,271	30,181	.25	.01–.23	.00–.29	.00–.15
	23	3		CFA-QC	30,262	30,159	.25	.01–.23	.01–.29	.00–.15
	21	3		t-CFA	29,831	29,926	.25	.01–.22	.00–.29	.00–.15
	28	3	3	SP-FAa,b	29,908	30,034	.25	.00–.12	.00–.17	.00–.12	.00–.02
	25		2	LCAc	31,968	32,080	.08				.00–.15
	43		4	LCAa,b,d	31,089	31,279	.15				.00–.23