Table 3. Components of stage I standard dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents ^{116– 118}.

Component	Function	Structure
Individual psychotherapy (At least 1 per week)	1) Enhance capacities related to skills modules 2) Skills application to patient’s unique circumstances 3) Improve motivation and reduce dysfunctional behavior 4) Structure the environment to reinforce effective behavior and positive change	Treatment hierarchy: 1) Life-threatening behavior 2) Therapy-interfering behavior 3) Quality-of-life interfering behavior
Multifamily group skills training (1 per week)	Teach skills: 1) Mindfulness 2) Distress tolerance 3) Emotion regulation 4) Interpersonal effectiveness 5) Middle path skills	1) Mindfulness exercise 2) Homework review 3) Teaching of new skill
Telephone coaching (Available 24/7 for youth and parents)	1) Help with skills application in context (e.g. in a crisis) 2) Unavailable for 24 hours after patient engages in self- injurious behavior	Brief, focused calls for 1) Skill use in a crisis 2) Addressing therapist–patient rupture 3) Reporting good news
Therapist consultation team (1 per week)	Support therapist’s motivation, adherence, and effectiveness	1) Mindfulness exercise 2) Clinical concerns, including therapist’s TIB