Table 2: Socio-demographic characteristics of the studied children (n=180) and its association with detection of organophosphate pesticides in their urine samples | ||
Variable |
Pesticides
Detected, n (%), (n=84) |
Pesticides
not detected, n (%), (n=96) |
Gender | ||
Female | 39 (48) | 43 (52) |
Male | 45 (46) | 53 (54) |
Age (yrs) | ||
7–9 | 50 (48.1) | 54 (51.9) |
10–12 | 34 (44.7) | 42 (55.3) |
Mean (SD) weight (kg) | 26.4 (10.1) | 25.5 (9.2) |
Mean (SD) height (cm) | 125.5 (12.1) | 123.7 (11.9) |
Mother's education | ||
Primary and below | 71 (45.2) | 86 (54.8) |
Secondary and above | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) |
Mother's occupation | ||
Housewife | 61 (48.0) | 66 (52.0) |
Fisherman | 0 (0) | 23 (100) |
Office/Administration | 4 (100.0) | 0 |
Father's education | ||
Primary and below | 55 (43.0) | 73 (57.0) |
Secondary and above | 29 (56) | 23 (44) |
Father's occupation | ||
Agriculture | 49 (69) | 22 (31) |
Fisherman | 6 (13) | 39 (87) |
Office | 6 (67) | 3 (33) |
Traditional craft/others | 23 (42) | 32 (58) |
Father's occupational exposure to pesticides | ||
Low | 54 (40.6) | 79 (59.4) |
High | 30 (63.8) | 17 (36.2) |
Median (IQR) household income per month (US$) | 137 (114 to 228) | 114 (68 to 182) |
Use of pesticides at home | ||
No | 34 (39) | 53 (61) |
Yes | 50 (54) | 43 (46) |
Parents smoking status | ||
No | 38 (45) | 41 (43) |
Yes | 46 (55) | 55 (57) |
Length of residence (yrs) | ||
<10 | 60 (47.6) | 66 (52.4) |
≥10 | 24 (44) | 30 (56) |