In vitro efficacy studies: (a) Representative confocal images showing internalization of FITC-tagged DiLNs (green) in D4M cells after 30 min, 4 h and 12 h of nanoparticle incubation. The cells nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). (b) Graph showing the effect of increasing concentrations of PI3K inhibiting supramolecule (PI3K-SNP), MAPK inhibiting supramolecule (MAPK-SNP), co-administration of PI3K-SNP and MAPK-SNP and DiLNs on the viability of TOV21G Ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells. (c) Graph shows effect of increasing concentrations of PI3K-SNP, MAPK-SNP, co-administration of PI3K-SNP and MAPK-SNP and DiLNs on the viability of D4M cells. (d) Representative western blot showing sustained inhibition of Phospho Akt and Phospho Erk1/2 in TOV21G cells on treatment with either PI103, Selumetinib or DiLNs over time. After 4 h of exposure to drug, the cells were washed thrice with cold PBS to remove additional drug outside cells and then incubated with fresh media with 1% FBS. Cells were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h and probed for protein expression. (e–f) Graph showing the time dependent quantification of the Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation inhibition in TOV21G cells after treatment with either P103, Selumetinib or DiLNs.