Table 3.
Factors Associated with Use or Planned Use of Veterans Choice Program
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | ||
| ≤ 35 | Ref | |
| > 35 to ≤ 45 | 0.96 (0.48 to 1.92) | 0.90 |
| > 45 to ≤ 55 | 1.05 (0.59 to 1.86) | 0.88 |
| > 55 | 1.07 (0.59 to 1.95) | 0.83 |
| Gender | ||
| Female | Ref | |
| Male | 0.53 (0.36 to 0.78) | 0.001 |
| Other | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.87) | 0.04 |
| Race | ||
| White | Ref | |
| African American | 1.17 (0.79 to 1.72) | 0.43 |
| Other | 1.52 (1.03 to 2.25) | 0.03 |
| Missing | 1.06 (0.22 to 4.88) | 0.95 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||
| Not Hispanic | Ref | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 0.84 (0.35 to 2.01) | 0.70 |
| Ethnicity missing | 0.30 (0.11 to 0.84) | 0.02 |
| Enrollment priority | ||
| High disability | Ref | |
| Low/moderate disability | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.22) | 0.40 |
| Low income | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.31) | 0.59 |
| Non-disabled, copayment required | 1.11 (0.73 to 1.70) | 0.61 |
| Years enrolled in VA, mean | 1.02 (0.997 to 1.05) | 0.09 |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | Ref | |
| Associate’s degree | 1.12 (0.76 to 1.65) | 0.59 |
| Some college or technical school | 1.22 (0.92 to 1.63) | 0.17 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 1.36 (0.91 to 2.02) | 0.13 |
| Missing | 0.31 (0.07 to 1.43) | 0.13 |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | Ref | |
| Married | 0.90 (0.68 to 1.18) | 0.44 |
| Missing | 0.79 (0.35 to 1.79) | 0.58 |
| Number of children | ||
| 0 | Ref | |
| 1 | 0.999 (0.70 to 1.43) | 0.996 |
| 2 | 1.00 (0.67 to 1.50) | 0.99 |
| > 2 | 1.18 (0.72 to 1.94) | 0.52 |
| Missing | 2.01 (0.80 to 5.08) | 0.14 |
| Distance to nearest VA facility | ||
| < 5 miles | Ref | |
| ≥ 5 to < 20 miles | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.13) | 0.04 |
| ≥ 20 to < 40 miles | 1.47 (1.00 to 2.16) | 0.05 |
| ≥ 40 to < 60 miles | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.80) | 0.60 |
| ≥ 60 miles | 1.56 (0.93 to 2.65) | 0.10 |
| Missing | 1.15 (0.28 to 4.69) | 0.85 |
| Distance to nearest Medicare facility | ||
| < 5 miles | Ref | |
| ≥ 5 to < 20 miles | 1.57 (1.10 to 2.24) | 0.01 |
| ≥ 20 to < 40 miles | 0.78 (0.44 to 1.37) | 0.39 |
| ≥ 40 to < 60 miles | 3.15 (0.20 to 48.70) | 0.41 |
| Urbanicity | ||
| Urban | Ref | |
| Rural | 1.05 (0.77 to 1.44) | 0.74 |
| Household income | ||
| <$10,000 | Ref | |
| $10,001 to $50,000 | 1.26 (0.89 to 1.78) | 0.19 |
| >$50,000 | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.54) | 0.75 |
| Missing | 2.68 (1.34 to 5.35) | 0.01 |
| Non-VA insurance in 2015 | ||
| Insurance outside VA | Ref | |
| No insurance outside VA | 1.18 (0.90 to 1.55) | 0.22 |
| Hierarchical condition category risk score quartiles | ||
| 1 | Ref | |
| 2 | 1.31 (0.86 to 1.99) | 0.22 |
| 3 | 1.31 (0.85 to 2.02) | 0.22 |
| 4 | 1.76 (1.13 to 2.75) | 0.01 |